वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-47, verse-14

अपश्यद् राक्षसपतिं हनूमानतितेजसं ।
विष्ठितं मेरुशिखरे सतोयमिव तोयदम् ॥१४॥

14. apaśyad rākṣasapatiṃ hanūmānatitejasaṃ ,
viṣṭhitaṃ meruśikhare satoyamiva toyadam.

14. hanumān apaśyat rākṣasapatim atitejasam
viṣṭhitam meruśikhare satoyam iva toyadam

14. hanumān atitejasam rākṣasapatim apaśyat (saḥ)
meruśikhare satoyam toyadam iva viṣṭhitam

14. Hanumān saw the exceedingly powerful lord of Rākṣasas, Rāvaṇa, who was situated like a water-laden cloud (toyada) on the peak of Mount Meru.

Words meanings summery:

• हनुमान् (hanumān) - Hanumān (Hanumān (proper noun))

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - saw (he saw, looked)

• राक्षसपतिम् (rākṣasapatim) - the lord of Rākṣasas, Rāvaṇa (the lord of Rākṣasas)

• अतितेजसम् (atitejasam) - exceedingly powerful (exceedingly resplendent, very powerful, of great luster)

• विष्ठितम् (viṣṭhitam) - situated (situated, standing, placed, extended)

• मेरुशिखरे (meruśikhare) - on the peak of Mount Meru (on the peak of Meru, on Mount Meru's peak)

• सतोयम् (satoyam) - water-laden (with water, full of water, water-laden)

• इव (iva) - like (as, like, as if, similar to)

• तोयदम् (toyadam) - a cloud (cloud, giver of water)

Words meanings and morphology

हनुमान् (hanumān) - Hanumān (Hanumān (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hanumat

hanumat - Hanumān (name of the monkey-god, son of Vāyu)

Note: Subject of the verb 'apaśyat'.

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - saw (he saw, looked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paś

Imperfect Active (3rd singular)

From √dṛś (to see), but uses the stem paśya in present/imperfect. 'a' prefix for imperfect.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

राक्षसपतिम् (rākṣasapatim) - the lord of Rākṣasas, Rāvaṇa (the lord of Rākṣasas)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasapati

rākṣasapati - lord of Rākṣasas (referring to Rāvaṇa)

Compound word.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rakṣas+pati)

• rakṣas – a demon, a Rākṣasa, an evil spirit
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)
• pati – lord, master, husband, owner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the verb 'apaśyat'.

अतितेजसम् (atitejasam) - exceedingly powerful (exceedingly resplendent, very powerful, of great luster)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atitejasa

atitejasa - exceedingly powerful/resplendent, of great energy/splendor

Compound word.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ati+tejas)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding, very
  indeclinable
• tejas – splendor, brilliance, energy, power, fire, vital force
  noun (neuter)
  From √tij (to be sharp)
  Root: tij (class 6)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, agreeing with 'rākṣasapatim'.

विष्ठितम् (viṣṭhitam) - situated (situated, standing, placed, extended)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣṭhita

viṣṭhita - placed, situated, standing, extended, firm

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √sthā (to stand) with prefix vi, with cerebralization of s.

Prefix: vi

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, agreeing with 'rākṣasapatim'.

मेरुशिखरे (meruśikhare) - on the peak of Mount Meru (on the peak of Meru, on Mount Meru's peak)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of meruśikhara

meruśikhara - peak of Mount Meru

Compound word.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (meru+śikhara)

• meru – Mount Meru (mythical mountain)
  proper noun (masculine)
• śikhara – peak, summit, top, crest
  noun (neuter)

Note: Locative singular, indicating place.

सतोयम् (satoyam) - water-laden (with water, full of water, water-laden)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of satoya

satoya - containing water, moist, wet, water-laden

Compound word.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+toya)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• toya – water
  noun (neuter)
  From √tu (to swell, flow)
  Root: tu (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, agreeing with 'toyadam'.

इव (iva) - like (as, like, as if, similar to)

(indeclinable)

तोयदम् (toyadam) - a cloud (cloud, giver of water)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of toyada

toyada - cloud (giver of water)

Compound word, agent noun.

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (toya+da)

• toya – water
  noun (neuter)
  From √tu (to swell, flow)
  Root: tu (class 1)
• da – giving, bestowing (suffix)
  adjective
  Agentive Suffix
  Derived from √dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Accusative singular, object of implied verb in the simile 'as (he was situated like) a cloud'.

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