वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-47, verse-12

उपोपविष्टं रक्षोभिश्चतुर्भिर्बलदर्पितैः ।
कृत्स्नैः परिवृतं लोकं चतुर्भिरिव सागरैः ॥१२॥

12. upopaviṣṭaṃ rakṣobhiścaturbhirbaladarpitaiḥ ,
kṛtsnaiḥ parivṛtaṃ lokaṃ caturbhiriva sāgaraiḥ.

12. upopaviṣṭam rakṣobhiḥ caturbhiḥ baladarpitaiḥ
kṛtsnaiḥ parivṛtam lokam caturbhiḥ iva sāgaraiḥ

12. baladarpitaiḥ caturbhiḥ rakṣobhiḥ upopaviṣṭam
kṛtsnaiḥ parivṛtam lokam caturbhiḥ sāgaraiḥ iva

12. He was seated, surrounded by four Rākṣasas, arrogant with their might, and completely encircled as if the world (loka) were surrounded by the four oceans.

Words meanings summery:

• उपोपविष्टम् (upopaviṣṭam) - seated and surrounded (seated near, closely seated, surrounded)

• रक्षोभिः (rakṣobhiḥ) - by the demonic beings (by Rākṣasas, by demons)

• चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - by four (Rākṣasas) (by four)

• बलदर्पितैः (baladarpitaiḥ) - arrogant with their might (arrogant with strength, proud of power, intoxicated by might)

• कृत्स्नैः (kṛtsnaiḥ) - completely (referring to the Rākṣasas) (by all, by complete, by entire)

• परिवृतम् (parivṛtam) - completely encircled (surrounded, encompassed, enclosed)

• लोकम् (lokam) - the world (as an object of comparison) (world, people, realm, place)

• चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - by four (oceans) (by four)

• इव (iva) - as if (as, like, as if, similar to)

• सागरैः (sāgaraiḥ) - by the oceans (by oceans, by seas)

Words meanings and morphology

उपोपविष्टम् (upopaviṣṭam) - seated and surrounded (seated near, closely seated, surrounded)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upopaviṣṭa

upopaviṣṭa - seated near, approached, surrounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √viś (to enter) with prefixes upa + upa (repetition implies closeness/intensity)

Prefixes: upa+upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, agreeing with the implied object (Rāvaṇa).

रक्षोभिः (rakṣobhiḥ) - by the demonic beings (by Rākṣasas, by demons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - a demon, a Rākṣasa, an evil spirit

From √rakṣ (to protect, but here means 'harming')

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Instrumental plural, agent of 'upopaviṣṭam' and 'parivṛtam'.

चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - by four (Rākṣasas) (by four)

(numeral)

Note: Instrumental plural, agreeing with 'rakṣobhiḥ' and 'sāgaraiḥ'.

बलदर्पितैः (baladarpitaiḥ) - arrogant with their might (arrogant with strength, proud of power, intoxicated by might)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of baladarpita

baladarpita - proud of strength, arrogant with power

Compound word.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bala+darpita)

• bala – strength, power, might, force
  noun (neuter)
• darpita – proud, arrogant, inflated, excited
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √dṛp (to be proud, to be arrogant)
  Root: dṛp (class 4)

Note: Instrumental plural, agreeing with 'rakṣobhiḥ'.

कृत्स्नैः (kṛtsnaiḥ) - completely (referring to the Rākṣasas) (by all, by complete, by entire)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - all, whole, entire, complete

Note: Instrumental plural, agreeing with 'rakṣobhiḥ'.

परिवृतम् (parivṛtam) - completely encircled (surrounded, encompassed, enclosed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parivṛta

parivṛta - surrounded, enclosed, encompassed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefix pari

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, agreeing with the implied object (Rāvaṇa).

लोकम् (lokam) - the world (as an object of comparison) (world, people, realm, place)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, common folk, space

From √lok (to see, perceive)

Root: lok (class 10)

Note: Object of implied verb in the simile, 'as if (they surrounded) the world'.

चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - by four (oceans) (by four)

(numeral)

Note: Instrumental plural, agreeing with 'sāgaraiḥ'.

इव (iva) - as if (as, like, as if, similar to)

(indeclinable)

सागरैः (sāgaraiḥ) - by the oceans (by oceans, by seas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

Derived from sa + gara (with poison), or sa + ga + ra (with going/sound, water)

Note: Instrumental plural, agent in the simile.

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