वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-3, verse-4

तमुवाच विराधस्तु रामं सत्यपराक्रमम् ।
हन्त वक्ष्यामि ते राजन्निबोध मम राघव ॥४॥

4. tamuvāca virādhastu rāmaṃ satyaparākramam ,
hanta vakṣyāmi te rājannibodha mama rāghava.

4. tam uvāca virādhaḥ tu rāmam satyaparākramam
hanta vakṣyāmi te rājan nibodha mama rāghava

4. Then Viradha spoke to Rama, who possessed true valor: "Well then, O King, I will tell you. O Raghava, listen to me."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - to him (referring to Rama) (him, that)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

• विराधः (virādhaḥ) - Viradha (Viradha (proper name))

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• रामम् (rāmam) - to Rama (Rama (proper name))

• सत्यपराक्रमम् (satyaparākramam) - who possessed true valor (of true valor, whose valor is truth)

• हन्त (hanta) - well then (indeed, well then, alas)

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will tell (I will tell, I will speak)

• ते (te) - to you (to you, your)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• निबोध (nibodha) - listen (to me) (understand, perceive, listen)

• मम (mama) - my (words/story) (my, of me)

• राघव (rāghava) - O Raghava (O Raghava (descendant of Raghu))

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - to him (referring to Rama) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

demonstrative pronoun, masculine, singular, accusative

Note: refers to Rama

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

root vac, 3rd person singular, Perfect tense, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: irregular perfect form of vac

विराधः (virādhaḥ) - Viradha (Viradha (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virādha

virādha - Viradha (name of a rākṣasa)

Note: subject of uvāca

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: marks a slight transition or emphasis

रामम् (rāmam) - to Rama (Rama (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a legendary king)

Note: object of uvāca

सत्यपराक्रमम् (satyaparākramam) - who possessed true valor (of true valor, whose valor is truth)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of satyaparākrama

satyaparākrama - whose valor is truth, truly mighty, of true prowess

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+parākrama)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• parākrama – valor, prowess, heroism, power
  noun (masculine)

Note: describes Rāmam

हन्त (hanta) - well then (indeed, well then, alas)

(indeclinable)

Note: expression of assent before speaking

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will tell (I will tell, I will speak)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Future Active

root vac, 1st person singular, Future tense, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: subject is Viradha (implied 'I')

ते (te) - to you (to you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

personal pronoun, 2nd person singular, dative (enclitic form)

Note: indirect object of vakṣyāmi

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

root rāj, noun, masculine, singular, vocative

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: address to Rama

निबोध (nibodha) - listen (to me) (understand, perceive, listen)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of budh

Imperative Active

upasarga ni + root budh, 2nd person singular, Imperative tense, active voice

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: command to Rama

मम (mama) - my (words/story) (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

personal pronoun, 1st person singular, genitive

Note: modifies an implied noun like "words" or "story", object of nibodha

राघव (rāghava) - O Raghava (O Raghava (descendant of Raghu))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, name of Rama

patronymic from Raghu, masculine, singular, vocative

Note: address to Rama

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