वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-3, verse-3

क्षत्रियो वृत्तसंपन्नौ विद्धि नौ वनगोचरौ ।
त्वां तु वेदितुमिच्छावः कस्त्वं चरसि दण्डकान् ॥३॥

3. kṣatriyo vṛttasaṃpannau viddhi nau vanagocarau ,
tvāṃ tu veditumicchāvaḥ kastvaṃ carasi daṇḍakān.

3. kṣatriyau vṛttasampannau viddhi nau vanagocarau
tvām tu veditum icchāvaḥ kaḥ tvam carasi daṇḍakān

3. Know us as two kshatriyas (kṣatriyau) endowed with excellent conduct, who wander the forest. But we wish to know you: who are you that roams the Dandaka forest?

Words meanings summery:

• क्षत्रियौ (kṣatriyau) - two kshatriyas

• वृत्तसम्पन्नौ (vṛttasampannau) - endowed with excellent conduct (endowed with good conduct, virtuous)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know (us) (know (imperative))

• नौ (nau) - us two

• वनगोचरौ (vanagocarau) - wanderers in the forest (wandering in the forest, forest-dweller)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Viradha) (you (singular))

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• वेदितुम् (veditum) - to know

• इच्छावः (icchāvaḥ) - we two wish

• कः (kaḥ) - who (are you) (who)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (you (singular))

• चरसि (carasi) - you wander (you wander, you move)

• दण्डकान् (daṇḍakān) - the Dandaka forest (the Dandaka forest(s))

Words meanings and morphology

क्षत्रियौ (kṣatriyau) - two kshatriyas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - member of the warrior caste, royal, ruler

Note: predicate nominative with implied 'we are'

वृत्तसम्पन्नौ (vṛttasampannau) - endowed with excellent conduct (endowed with good conduct, virtuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vṛttasampanna

vṛttasampanna - endowed with good conduct, virtuous, accomplished in duty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛtta+sampanna)

• vṛtta – conduct, behaviour, course of action
  noun (neuter)
  past passive participle of vṛt, used as noun
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• sampanna – endowed with, complete, rich, fulfilled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from sam-pad (to be endowed with)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: agrees with kṣatriyau

विद्धि (viddhi) - know (us) (know (imperative))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Imperative Active

root vid, 2nd person singular, Imperative tense, active voice (irregular form)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: command to Viradha

नौ (nau) - us two

(pronoun)

Accusative, dual of asmad

asmad - I, we

personal pronoun, 1st person dual, accusative (enclitic form)

Note: object of viddhi

वनगोचरौ (vanagocarau) - wanderers in the forest (wandering in the forest, forest-dweller)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vanagocara

vanagocara - moving in the forest, inhabiting the forest, forest-dweller

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+gocara)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• gocara – moving, walking, sphere of action, range
  noun (masculine)
  derived from gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: agrees with kṣatriyau

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Viradha) (you (singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

personal pronoun, 2nd person singular, accusative

Note: object of veditum

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: introduces a contrasting statement

वेदितुम् (veditum) - to know

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of vid

Infinitive

root vid (to know), infinitive

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: governs tvām

इच्छावः (icchāvaḥ) - we two wish

(verb)

1st person , dual, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present Active

root iṣ, 1st person dual, Present tense, active voice (from desiderative stem iccha-)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: subject is implied 'we two' (Rama and Lakshmana)

कः (kaḥ) - who (are you) (who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

interrogative pronoun, masculine, singular, nominative

Note: predicate nominative with tvam

त्वम् (tvam) - you (you (singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

personal pronoun, 2nd person singular, nominative

Note: subject of carasi

चरसि (carasi) - you wander (you wander, you move)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of car

Present Active

root car, 2nd person singular, Present tense, active voice

Root: car (class 1)

Note: verb for tvam

दण्डकान् (daṇḍakān) - the Dandaka forest (the Dandaka forest(s))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of daṇḍaka

daṇḍaka - Dandaka forest (a specific forest)

Note: object of carasi, indicating the extent of wandering

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