वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-3, verse-21

अनुपस्थीयमानो मां संक्रुद्धो व्यजहार ह ।
तव प्रसादान्मुक्तो ऽहमभिशापात् सुदारुणात् ।
भवनं स्वं गमिष्यामि स्वस्ति वो ऽस्तु परंतप ॥२१॥

21. anupasthīyamāno māṃ saṃkruddho vyajahāra ha ,
tava prasādānmukto'hamabhiśāpāt sudāruṇāt ,
bhavanaṃ svaṃ gamiṣyāmi svasti vo'stu paraṃtapa.

21. anupasthīyamānaḥ mām saṃkruddhaḥ
vyajahāra ha | tava prasādāt muktaḥ aham
abhiśāpāt sudāruṇāt | bhavanam svam
gamiṣyāmi svasti vaḥ astu paraṃtapa

21. mām anupasthīyamānaḥ saṃkruddhaḥ ha
vyajahāra tava prasādāt sudāruṇāt
abhiśāpāt aham muktaḥ svam bhavanam
gamiṣyāmi vaḥ astu svasti paraṃtapa

21. He, not having been approached by me, became greatly enraged and spoke (to me): 'By your grace, I am freed from a very terrible curse. I will go to my own abode. May there be well-being (svasti) for you, O tormentor of foes.'

Words meanings summery:

• अनुपस्थीयमानः (anupasthīyamānaḥ) - not having been approached by me (the narrator) (not being served, not being attended, not being approached)

• माम् (mām) - me (referring to the narrator, likely Rāma) (me)

• संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged (referring to the speaker, the Rākṣasa) (greatly enraged, furious)

• व्यजहार (vyajahāra) - spoke (to the narrator) (spoke, uttered)

• ह (ha) - indeed (an emphatic particle) (indeed, surely, verily)

• तव (tava) - your (referring to Rāma) (your)

• प्रसादात् (prasādāt) - by your grace (from grace, by favor, by kindness)

• मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - freed (from the curse) (freed, liberated, released)

• अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker, the Rākṣasa) (I)

• अभिशापात् (abhiśāpāt) - from a curse

• सुदारुणात् (sudāruṇāt) - from a very terrible (curse) (from a very terrible, from a very dreadful)

• भवनम् (bhavanam) - my abode (abode, house, dwelling)

• स्वम् (svam) - my own (abode) (own, one's own)

• गमिष्यामि (gamiṣyāmi) - I will go

• स्वस्ति (svasti) - well-being (svasti) (well-being, fortune, prosperity)

• वः (vaḥ) - for you (referring to Rāma and Lakshmana, implicitly) (for you (plural), to you (plural))

• अस्तु (astu) - may it be (may it be, let it be)

• परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O tormentor of foes (a common epithet for heroes like Rāma) (O tormentor of foes, O subduer of enemies)

Words meanings and morphology

अनुपस्थीयमानः (anupasthīyamānaḥ) - not having been approached by me (the narrator) (not being served, not being attended, not being approached)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anupasthīyamāna

anupasthīyamāna - not being served, not being attended, not being approached

Present Passive Participle

Derived from `upa-sthā` (to stand near, serve) with `an` (negation) and passive `īyamāna` suffix.

Prefixes: an+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adjective for the implied subject 'he'.

माम् (mām) - me (referring to the narrator, likely Rāma) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged (referring to the speaker, the Rākṣasa) (greatly enraged, furious)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - greatly enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

From `kruudh` (to be angry) with `sam` prefix.

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Acts as an adjective for the implied subject 'he'.

व्यजहार (vyajahāra) - spoke (to the narrator) (spoke, uttered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of hṛ

Perfect Active

From root `hṛ` (to take, to utter) with prefix `vi-ā`.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed (an emphatic particle) (indeed, surely, verily)

(indeclinable)

तव (tava) - your (referring to Rāma) (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

प्रसादात् (prasādāt) - by your grace (from grace, by favor, by kindness)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of prasāda

prasāda - grace, favor, kindness, clemency

Derived from `pra-sad` (to be clear, to be gracious).

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - freed (from the curse) (freed, liberated, released)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukta

mukta - freed, liberated, released, delivered

Past Passive Participle

From root `muc` (to free, release).

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Refers to 'aham'.

अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker, the Rākṣasa) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

अभिशापात् (abhiśāpāt) - from a curse

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of abhiśāpa

abhiśāpa - curse, imprecation

From `abhi-śap` (to curse).

Prefix: abhi

Root: śap (class 1)

सुदारुणात् (sudāruṇāt) - from a very terrible (curse) (from a very terrible, from a very dreadful)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very dreadful, very terrible, extremely fierce

Compound of `su` (very) and `dāruṇa` (terrible).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• dāruṇa – dreadful, terrible, cruel, fierce
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `abhiśāpāt`.

भवनम् (bhavanam) - my abode (abode, house, dwelling)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhavana

bhavana - dwelling, house, abode, world

From root `bhū` (to be, exist).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of `gamiṣyāmi`.

स्वम् (svam) - my own (abode) (own, one's own)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - own, one's own, self

Note: Agrees with `bhavanam`.

गमिष्यामि (gamiṣyāmi) - I will go

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of gam

Future Active

Root `gam` (to go), future stem `gamiṣya`.

Root: gam (class 1)

स्वस्ति (svasti) - well-being (svasti) (well-being, fortune, prosperity)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of svasti

svasti - well-being, fortune, prosperity, welfare

Derived from `su` (good) and `as` (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

वः (vaḥ) - for you (referring to Rāma and Lakshmana, implicitly) (for you (plural), to you (plural))

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

Note: Can also be genitive or accusative, but dative fits 'May well-being be for you'.

अस्तु (astu) - may it be (may it be, let it be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

Imperative Active

Root `as` (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O tormentor of foes (a common epithet for heroes like Rāma) (O tormentor of foes, O subduer of enemies)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

Agent noun from `param` (enemy) + `tap` (to torment/heat).

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (param+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
• tapa – tormenting, heating, asceticism
  noun (masculine)
  From root `tap` (to heat, torment).
  Root: tap (class 1)

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