वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-3, verse-16

स भग्नबाहुः संविग्नो निपपाताशु राक्षसः ।
धरण्यां मेघसंकाशो वज्रभिन्न इवाचलः ।
इदं प्रोवाच काकुत्स्थं विराधः पुरुषर्षभम् ॥१६॥

16. sa bhagnabāhuḥ saṃvigno nipapātāśu rākṣasaḥ ,
dharaṇyāṃ meghasaṃkāśo vajrabhinna ivācalaḥ ,
idaṃ provāca kākutsthaṃ virādhaḥ puruṣarṣabham.

16. sa bhagnabāhuḥ saṃvignaḥ nipapāta
āśu rākṣasaḥ dharaṇyām meghasaṃkāśaḥ
vajrabhinnaḥ iva acalaḥ idam provāca
kākutstham virādhaḥ puruṣarṣabham

16. sa rākṣasaḥ bhagnabāhuḥ saṃvignaḥ vajrabhinnaḥ meghasaṃkāśaḥ acalaḥ iva āśu dharaṇyām nipapāta .
virādhaḥ idam puruṣarṣabham kākutstham provāca

16. With his arms broken and greatly distressed, that demon quickly fell to the earth like a cloud-like mountain shattered by a thunderbolt. Viradha then said this to Rama (Kākutstha), the foremost among men.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (the demon Viradha) (he, that)

• भग्नबाहुः (bhagnabāhuḥ) - with broken arms

• संविग्नः (saṁvignaḥ) - greatly distressed (distressed, agitated, alarmed)

• निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down (fell down, descended)

• आशु (āśu) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - the demon (the demon/fiend)

• धरण्याम् (dharaṇyām) - on the earth (on the earth, ground)

• मेघसंकाशः (meghasaṁkāśaḥ) - cloud-like (resembling a cloud, cloud-like)

• वज्रभिन्नः (vajrabhinnaḥ) - shattered by a thunderbolt

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• अचलः (acalaḥ) - a mountain (mountain, immobile)

• इदम् (idam) - this (statement) (this)

• प्रोवाच (provāca) - said (spoke, said, declared)

• काकुत्स्थम् (kākutstham) - to Rama (Kākutstha) (descendant of Kakutstha (Rama))

• विराधः (virādhaḥ) - Viradha (Viradha (a proper name))

• पुरुषर्षभम् (puruṣarṣabham) - the foremost among men (bull among men, best of men, foremost man)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (the demon Viradha) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with rākṣasaḥ.

भग्नबाहुः (bhagnabāhuḥ) - with broken arms

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagnabāhu

bhagnabāhu - having broken arms

Bahuvrihi compound: bhagna (broken) + bāhu (arm)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhagna+bāhu)

• bhagna – broken, shattered
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √bhañj (to break)
  Root: √bhañj (class 7)
• bāhu – arm, fore-arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with rākṣasaḥ.

संविग्नः (saṁvignaḥ) - greatly distressed (distressed, agitated, alarmed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvigna

saṁvigna - distressed, agitated, alarmed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vij (to tremble, fear) with prefix saṃ-

Prefix: sam

Root: √vij (class 6)

Note: Agrees with rākṣasaḥ.

निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down (fell down, descended)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √pat

perfect active

3rd person singular perfect active of √pat (reduplicated perfect) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: √pat (class 1)

आशु (āśu) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

(indeclinable)

Can be an adjective or an adverb. Here adverbial.

Note: Modifies nipapāta.

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - the demon (the demon/fiend)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, fiend

Note: Subject of nipapāta.

धरण्याम् (dharaṇyām) - on the earth (on the earth, ground)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of dharaṇī

dharaṇī - earth, ground

मेघसंकाशः (meghasaṁkāśaḥ) - cloud-like (resembling a cloud, cloud-like)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of meghasaṃkāśa

meghasaṁkāśa - resembling a cloud

Compound of megha (cloud) and saṃkāśa (resembling)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (megha+saṃkāśa)

• megha – cloud
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √mih (to sprinkle)
  Root: √mih (class 1)
• saṃkāśa – resembling, similar, shining
  adjective

Note: Agrees with acalaḥ (as a comparison).

वज्रभिन्नः (vajrabhinnaḥ) - shattered by a thunderbolt

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vajrabhinna

vajrabhinna - shattered by a thunderbolt

Tatpurusha compound: vajra (thunderbolt) + bhinna (shattered)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vajra+bhinna)

• vajra – thunderbolt, diamond
  noun (masculine)
• bhinna – shattered, broken, split
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √bhid (to break, split)
  Root: √bhid (class 7)

Note: Agrees with acalaḥ (as a comparison).

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

अचलः (acalaḥ) - a mountain (mountain, immobile)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of acala

acala - immobile, steady; mountain

Compound of a- (not) and cala (moving).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cala)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• cala – moving, trembling
  adjective
  Derived from root √cal (to move)
  Root: √cal (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - this (statement) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Object of provāca.

प्रोवाच (provāca) - said (spoke, said, declared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √vac

perfect active

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac (irregular reduplication) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: √vac (class 2)

काकुत्स्थम् (kākutstham) - to Rama (Kākutstha) (descendant of Kakutstha (Rama))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha (an epithet of Rama)

Patronymic from Kakutstha

Note: Object of provāca.

विराधः (virādhaḥ) - Viradha (Viradha (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virādha

virādha - Viradha (name of a Rākṣasa)

Note: Subject of provāca.

पुरुषर्षभम् (puruṣarṣabham) - the foremost among men (bull among men, best of men, foremost man)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - bull among men, best of men, foremost man

Tatpurusha compound: puruṣa (man) + ṛṣabha (bull, best)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, male, person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull; best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with kākutstham.

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