वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-3, verse-10

ततः सज्यं धनुः कृत्वा रामः सुनिशिताञ् शरान् ।
सुशीघ्रमभिसंधाय राक्षसं निजघान ह ॥१०॥

10. tataḥ sajyaṃ dhanuḥ kṛtvā rāmaḥ suniśitāñ śarān ,
suśīghramabhisaṃdhāya rākṣasaṃ nijaghāna ha.

10. tataḥ sajyam dhanuḥ kṛtvā rāmaḥ suniśitān śarān
suśīghram abhisandhāya rākṣasam nijaghāna ha

10. tataḥ rāmaḥ sajyam dhanuḥ kṛtvā suniśitān śarān
suśīghram abhisandhāya rākṣasam nijaghāna ha

10. Then, having strung his bow and swiftly aimed his very sharp arrows, Rama indeed slew the demon.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - Then, thereupon (then, thereafter, from that)

• सज्यम् (sajyam) - strung (referring to the bow) (strung (with a bowstring); having a bowstring)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having strung (the bow) (having done, having made, having performed)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (the protagonist) (Rama (a proper noun))

• सुनिशितान् (suniśitān) - very sharp (very sharp, well-sharpened)

• शरान् (śarān) - arrows

• सुशीघ्रम् (suśīghram) - swiftly (very quickly, very swiftly)

• अभिसन्धाय (abhisandhāya) - having aimed (the arrows) (having aimed, having united, having put together)

• राक्षसम् (rākṣasam) - the demon (Virādha) (demon, pertaining to a demon)

• निजघान (nijaghāna) - he slew (he struck, he slew, he killed)

• ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, certainly, surely (an emphatic particle))

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - Then, thereupon (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

सज्यम् (sajyam) - strung (referring to the bow) (strung (with a bowstring); having a bowstring)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sajya

sajya - strung, having a bowstring, accompanied by a bowstring

Compound formed from sa (with) and jyā (bowstring).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+jyā)

• sa – with, together with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• jyā – bowstring, cord
  noun (feminine)

Note: Modifies 'dhanuḥ'.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc, arch

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having strung (the bow) (having done, having made, having performed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed by adding -tvā to the root.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions as an absolutive, indicating a preceding action.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (the protagonist) (Rama (a proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (the seventh avatar of Vishnu, hero of the Ramayana)

सुनिशितान् (suniśitān) - very sharp (very sharp, well-sharpened)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of suniśita

suniśita - very sharp, well-sharpened, keen

Past Passive Participle

Compound of su (well, very) and niśita (sharpened). niśita is from root śi (to sharpen) with upasarga ni.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+niśita)

• su – well, good, very, thoroughly
  indeclinable
• niśita – sharpened, keen, whetted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root śi with upasarga ni.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: śi (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'śarān'.

शरान् (śarān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed, shaft

सुशीघ्रम् (suśīghram) - swiftly (very quickly, very swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Compound of su (very) and śīghra (quick).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+śīghra)

• su – well, good, very, thoroughly
  indeclinable
• śīghra – quick, swift, rapid
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying 'abhisandhāya'.

अभिसन्धाय (abhisandhāya) - having aimed (the arrows) (having aimed, having united, having put together)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed by adding -ya to the root dhā with upasargas abhi and sam.

Prefixes: abhi+sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Functions as an absolutive, indicating a preceding action.

राक्षसम् (rākṣasam) - the demon (Virādha) (demon, pertaining to a demon)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, fiend, a class of malevolent beings

निजघान (nijaghāna) - he slew (he struck, he slew, he killed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of nijaghan

Root han with upasarga ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Perfect tense verb form.

ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, certainly, surely (an emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

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