महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-30, verse-2

अधियज्ञः कथं कोऽत्र देहेऽस्मिन्मधुसूदन ।
प्रयाणकाले च कथं ज्ञेयोऽसि नियतात्मभिः ॥२॥

2. adhiyajñaḥ kathaṁ ko'tra dehe'sminmadhusūdana ,
prayāṇakāle ca kathaṁ jñeyo'si niyatātmabhiḥ.

2. adhiyajñaḥ katham kaḥ atra dehe asmin madhusūdana
prayāṇakāle ca katham jñeyaḥ asi niyatātmabhiḥ

2. madhusūdana katham adhiyajñaḥ atra asmin dehe kaḥ
prayāṇakāle ca katham niyatātmabhiḥ jñeyaḥ asi

2. O Madhusūdana, how is the Lord of ritual (adhiyajña) present in this body, and how are You to be known at the time of departure (death) by those who have controlled their minds?

Words meanings summery:

• अधियज्ञः (adhiyajñaḥ) - The presiding deity of Vedic rituals (yajña). (Lord of Vedic ritual; presiding deity of sacrifice.)

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what way? (how? in what manner?)

• कः (kaḥ) - who. (who, what.)

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this context (referring to the body). (here, in this place, in this matter.)

• देहे (dehe) - in this physical body. (in the body.)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (body). (in this, on this.)

• मधुसूदन (madhusūdana) - O Krishna (as the slayer of the demon Madhu). (O destroyer of Madhu (an epithet of Krishna).)

• प्रयाणकाले (prayāṇakāle) - at the time of death. (at the time of departure, at the time of death.)

• च (ca) - and. (and, also.)

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what way? (how? in what manner?)

• ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - to be known, understood. (to be known, knowable, understandable.)

• असि (asi) - you are.

• नियतात्मभिः (niyatātmabhiḥ) - by those who have controlled their minds. (by those of controlled self/mind.)

Words meanings and morphology

अधियज्ञः (adhiyajñaḥ) - The presiding deity of Vedic rituals (yajña). (Lord of Vedic ritual; presiding deity of sacrifice.)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhiyajña

adhiyajña - the presiding deity of a Vedic ritual (yajña); the Lord of rituals.

Compound of adhi (over, presiding) and yajña (ritual).

Compound type : tatpurusha (adhi+yajña)

• adhi – over, superior, ruling, governing.
  indeclinable
  preposition/prefix
• yajña – a Vedic ritual; an act of worship or devotion; a sacrifice.
  noun (masculine)
  From root yaj- (to worship, sacrifice).
  Root: yaj (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how? in what way? (how? in what manner?)

(indeclinable)

कः (kaḥ) - who. (who, what.)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which.

interrogative pronoun.

Note: Sandhi form of kas.

अत्र (atra) - here, in this context (referring to the body). (here, in this place, in this matter.)

(indeclinable)

Locative of idam (this).

देहे (dehe) - in this physical body. (in the body.)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, physical form.

From root dih- (to anoint, smear, build up).

Root: dih (class 4)

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (body). (in this, on this.)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this.

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: masculine locative singular of idam.

मधुसूदन (madhusūdana) - O Krishna (as the slayer of the demon Madhu). (O destroyer of Madhu (an epithet of Krishna).)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of madhusūdana

madhusūdana - destroyer of the demon Madhu, an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna.

Compound of Madhu (name of a demon) and sūdana (slayer).

Compound type : tatpurusha (madhu+sūdana)

• madhu – honey; sweet; name of a demon.
  noun (neuter)
• sūdana – destroyer, killer, slayer.
  noun (masculine)
  From root sūd- (to kill, destroy).
  Root: sūd

प्रयाणकाले (prayāṇakāle) - at the time of death. (at the time of departure, at the time of death.)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of prayāṇakāla

prayāṇakāla - time of departure, time of journey, time of death.

Compound of prayāṇa (departure) and kāla (time).

Compound type : tatpurusha (prayāṇa+kāla)

• prayāṇa – departure, journey, setting out, march.
  noun (neuter)
  From pra- + root yā- (to go).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: yā (class 2)
• kāla – time, season, period.
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and. (and, also.)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

कथम् (katham) - how? in what way? (how? in what manner?)

(indeclinable)

ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - to be known, understood. (to be known, knowable, understandable.)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñeya

jñeya - knowable, to be known, understandable, what should be known.

Gerundive (Kartavya-pratyaya)

Formed from root jñā- (to know) with suffix -eya.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: It implies 'should be known' or 'is to be known'.

असि (asi) - you are.

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of as

Root verb.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used with jñeyaḥ to form 'are to be known'.

नियतात्मभिः (niyatātmabhiḥ) - by those who have controlled their minds. (by those of controlled self/mind.)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niyatātman

niyatātman - one whose mind/self (ātman) is controlled; self-restrained.

Bahuvrihi compound: 'one whose ātman (self/mind) is niyatā (controlled)'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (niyata+ātman)

• niyata – controlled, restrained, disciplined, fixed.
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ni- + root yam- (to restrain, control).
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, mind, essence.
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an

Note: Used substantively to mean 'by those who have controlled their selves/minds'.