महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-30, verse-1

अर्जुन उवाच ।
किं तद्ब्रह्म किमध्यात्मं किं कर्म पुरुषोत्तम ।
अधिभूतं च किं प्रोक्तमधिदैवं किमुच्यते ॥१॥

1. arjuna uvāca ,
kiṁ tadbrahma kimadhyātmaṁ kiṁ karma puruṣottama ,
adhibhūtaṁ ca kiṁ proktamadhidaivaṁ kimucyate.

1. arjuna uvāca kim tat brahma kim adhyātmaṃ kim karma
puruṣottama adhibhūtaṃ ca kim proktam adhidaivaṃ kim ucyate

1. arjuna uvāca puruṣottama tat brahma kim adhyātmaṃ kim
karma kim adhibhūtaṃ ca kim proktam adhidaivaṃ kim ucyate

1. Arjuna said: "O supreme person (puruṣottama), what is that Brahman? What is the individual self (adhyātma)? What is action (karma)? What is declared to be the material manifestation (adhibhūta)? And what is called the divine manifestation (adhidaiva)?"

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - The Pandava prince, son of Pṛthā and Pāṇḍu, interlocutor of the Bhagavad Gītā (Arjuna)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• किम् (kim) - what?

• तत् (tat) - refers to 'Brahman' mentioned earlier in the discourse context, implying 'that well-known Brahman' (that)

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - Brahman, the Absolute Truth, the Supreme Reality

• किम् (kim) - what?

• अध्यात्मं (adhyātmaṁ) - the individual self, the self-existent principle

• किम् (kim) - what?

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed, ritual, consequence of action

• पुरुषोत्तम (puruṣottama) - An epithet for Lord Kṛṣṇa, indicating his supreme status as the cosmic person (puruṣa) (O best among men; O supreme person)

• अधिभूतं (adhibhūtaṁ) - the material manifestation, the perishable aspect of existence

• च (ca) - and, also

• किम् (kim) - what?

• प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - declared, stated, said

• अधिदैवं (adhidaivaṁ) - the divine manifestation, pertaining to the deities

• किम् (kim) - what?

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुन (arjuna) - The Pandava prince, son of Pṛthā and Pāṇḍu, interlocutor of the Bhagavad Gītā (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - white, clear, brilliant; a proper name (Arjuna)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense form

root 'vac' (class 2) in perfect tense (lit) 3rd person singular active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, whether

तत् (tat) - refers to 'Brahman' mentioned earlier in the discourse context, implying 'that well-known Brahman' (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ब्रह्म (brahma) - Brahman, the Absolute Truth, the Supreme Reality

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahman (the Absolute), sacred utterance, prayer, the Vedas

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, whether

अध्यात्मं (adhyātmaṁ) - the individual self, the self-existent principle

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyātman

adhyātman - the individual self, spirit, the supreme spirit, highest soul

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhi+ātman)

• adhi – over, above, concerning, pertaining to
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual soul (ātman), the Supreme Soul
  noun (masculine)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, whether

कर्म (karma) - action, deed, ritual, consequence of action

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action (karma), deed, work, rite, consequence of action

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पुरुषोत्तम (puruṣottama) - An epithet for Lord Kṛṣṇa, indicating his supreme status as the cosmic person (puruṣa) (O best among men; O supreme person)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣottama

puruṣottama - best among men, supreme person (puruṣottama)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+uttama)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – highest, best, chief, supreme
  adjective (masculine)

अधिभूतं (adhibhūtaṁ) - the material manifestation, the perishable aspect of existence

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhibhūta

adhibhūta - material existence, pertaining to material beings, perishable nature

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhi+bhūta)

• adhi – over, above, concerning, pertaining to
  indeclinable
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past, happened
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  root 'bhū' (to be, to become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, whether

प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - declared, stated, said

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prokta

prokta - said, spoken, declared, proclaimed

Past Passive Participle

root 'vac' (to speak) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

अधिदैवं (adhidaivaṁ) - the divine manifestation, pertaining to the deities

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhidaiva

adhidaiva - divine existence, pertaining to the gods, presiding deity

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhi+daiva)

• adhi – over, above, concerning, pertaining to
  indeclinable
• daiva – divine, celestial, fate, destiny
  noun (neuter)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, whether

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vac

present tense form

root 'vac' (class 2) in present tense (lat) 3rd person singular passive voice

Root: vac (class 2)