महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-18, verse-14

द्वादशैते जनपदाः सर्वे शूरास्तनुत्यजः ।
महता रथवंशेन तेऽभ्यरक्षन्पितामहम् ॥१४॥

14. dvādaśaite janapadāḥ sarve śūrāstanutyajaḥ ,
mahatā rathavaṁśena te'bhyarakṣanpitāmaham.

14. dvādaśa ete janapadāḥ sarve śūrāḥ tanutyajaḥ
mahatā rathavaṃśena te abhyarakṣan pitāmaham

14. ete dvādaśa janapadāḥ sarve śūrāḥ tanutyajaḥ
te mahatā rathavaṃśena pitāmaham abhyarakṣan

14. These twelve regions (janapada), all valiant and willing to sacrifice their lives, protected the grandfather (Bhīṣma) with a huge array of chariots.

Words meanings summery:

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• एते (ete) - these

• जनपदाः (janapadāḥ) - regions (referring to the peoples/territories listed in previous verses) (provinces, regions, countries, communities)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (all)

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - valiant (brave, valorous, heroes)

• तनुत्यजः (tanutyajaḥ) - willing to sacrifice their lives (abandoning their bodies, sacrificing lives)

• महता (mahatā) - with a huge (with great, by a great)

• रथवंशेन (rathavaṁśena) - with a huge array of chariots (with a multitude of chariots, with a lineage of chariots)

• ते (te) - they (referring to the janapadas/peoples) (they)

• अभ्यरक्षन् (abhyarakṣan) - protected (they protected, guarded)

• पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - the grandfather (Bhīṣma) (grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with janapadāḥ.

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Agrees with janapadāḥ.

जनपदाः (janapadāḥ) - regions (referring to the peoples/territories listed in previous verses) (provinces, regions, countries, communities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of janapada

janapada - country, realm, state, province; people of a country

Compound of jana (people) and pada (foot, place).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+pada)

• jana – person, people, community
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• pada – foot, step, place, region
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Refers to the collective groups/territories.

सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (all)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with janapadāḥ.

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - valiant (brave, valorous, heroes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant; a hero, warrior

Note: Agrees with janapadāḥ.

तनुत्यजः (tanutyajaḥ) - willing to sacrifice their lives (abandoning their bodies, sacrificing lives)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tanutyaj

tanutyaj - abandoning the body, sacrificing life, ready to die

Compound of tanu (body) and tyaj (abandoning, from root tyaj- to abandon).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tanu+tyaj)

• tanu – body, limb, person
  noun (feminine)
• tyaj – abandoning, leaving, sacrificing (agent noun form)
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root tyaj- (to abandon).
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with janapadāḥ.

महता (mahatā) - with a huge (with great, by a great)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty

Note: Agrees with rathavaṃśena.

रथवंशेन (rathavaṁśena) - with a huge array of chariots (with a multitude of chariots, with a lineage of chariots)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rathavaṃśa

rathavaṁśa - lineage of chariots, multitude of chariots, chariot corps

Compound of ratha (chariot) and vaṃśa (lineage, multitude).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+vaṃśa)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• vaṃśa – bamboo, lineage, race, multitude, collection
  noun (masculine)

Note: Acts as the instrument of protection.

ते (te) - they (referring to the janapadas/peoples) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Subject of the verb abhyarakṣan.

अभ्यरक्षन् (abhyarakṣan) - protected (they protected, guarded)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of rakṣ

Prefix: abhi

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Root rakṣ with upasarga abhi.

पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - the grandfather (Bhīṣma) (grandfather)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather

Note: Object of the verb abhyarakṣan.