महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-18, verse-10

पृष्ठगोपास्तु भीष्मस्य पुत्रास्तव नराधिप ।
दुःशासनो दुर्विषहो दुर्मुखो दुःसहस्तथा ॥१०॥

10. pṛṣṭhagopāstu bhīṣmasya putrāstava narādhipa ,
duḥśāsano durviṣaho durmukho duḥsahastathā.

10. pṛṣṭhagopāḥ tu bhīṣmasya putrāḥ tava narādhipa
duḥśāsanaḥ durviṣahaḥ durmukhaḥ dussahaḥ tathā

10. narādhipa,
tava putrāḥ tu bhīṣmasya pṛṣṭhagopāḥ: duḥśāsanaḥ,
durviṣahaḥ,
durmukhaḥ tathā dussahaḥ

10. But your sons, O King (narādhipa), were the rear-guards of Bhishma: Dushasana, Durvishaha, Durmukha, and also Dussaha.

Words meanings summery:

• पृष्ठगोपाः (pṛṣṭhagopāḥ) - rear-guards (rear-guards, protectors of the back)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed (but, indeed, however)

• भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhishma

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

• तव (tava) - your (sons) (your, of you)

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O King of men (Dhritarashtra) (O king of men, O ruler)

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Dushasana (one of your sons) (Dushasana (proper noun), hard to rule)

• दुर्विषहः (durviṣahaḥ) - Durvishaha (one of your sons) (Durvishaha (proper noun), difficult to bear/overcome)

• दुर्मुखः (durmukhaḥ) - Durmukha (one of your sons) (Durmukha (proper noun), ill-faced, grim-faced)

• दुस्सहः (dussahaḥ) - Dussaha (one of your sons) (Dussaha (proper noun), difficult to endure/bear)

• तथा (tathā) - and also (and, thus, also)

Words meanings and morphology

पृष्ठगोपाः (pṛṣṭhagopāḥ) - rear-guards (rear-guards, protectors of the back)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pṛṣṭhagopa

pṛṣṭhagopa - rear-guard, protector of the back

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛṣṭha+gopa)

• pṛṣṭha – back, rear
  noun (neuter)
• gopa – protector, guard, cowherd
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tava putrāḥ'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhishma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper noun), terrible

Note: Specifies whose rear-guards.

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'were'.

तव (tava) - your (sons) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Refers to Dhritarashtra.

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O King of men (Dhritarashtra) (O king of men, O ruler)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king of men, sovereign

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing Dhritarashtra.

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Dushasana (one of your sons) (Dushasana (proper noun), hard to rule)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Dushasana (name), hard to rule

Note: First name in the list of rear-guards.

दुर्विषहः (durviṣahaḥ) - Durvishaha (one of your sons) (Durvishaha (proper noun), difficult to bear/overcome)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durviṣaha

durviṣaha - Durvishaha (name), difficult to bear

Note: Second name in the list of rear-guards.

दुर्मुखः (durmukhaḥ) - Durmukha (one of your sons) (Durmukha (proper noun), ill-faced, grim-faced)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durmukha

durmukha - Durmukha (name), ill-faced

Note: Third name in the list of rear-guards.

दुस्सहः (dussahaḥ) - Dussaha (one of your sons) (Dussaha (proper noun), difficult to endure/bear)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dussaha

dussaha - Dussaha (name), difficult to endure

Note: Fourth name in the list of rear-guards.

तथा (tathā) - and also (and, thus, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the last name in the list.