महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-241, verse-7

तप्येयुः प्रच्युताः पृथ्व्या यथा पूर्णां नदीं नराः ।
अवगाढा ह्यविद्वांसो विद्धि लोकमिमं तथा ॥७॥

7. tapyeyuḥ pracyutāḥ pṛthvyā yathā pūrṇāṁ nadīṁ narāḥ ,
avagāḍhā hyavidvāṁso viddhi lokamimaṁ tathā.

7. tapyeyuḥ pracyutāḥ pṛthvyā yathā pūrṇām nadīm narāḥ
avagāḍhāḥ hi avidvāṃsaḥ viddhi lokam imam tathā

7. yathā narāḥ pṛthvyā pracyutāḥ pūrṇām nadīm avagāḍhāḥ tapyeyuḥ,
hi tathā avidvāṃsaḥ imam lokam viddhi

7. Just as men, having fallen from the earth, would suffer immersed in a full river, so know this world [to be for] the ignorant when they are steeped in it.

Words meanings summery:

• तप्येयुः (tapyeyuḥ) - they would suffer (figuratively, by being overwhelmed) (they would suffer, they would undergo penance)

• प्रच्युताः (pracyutāḥ) - having fallen (fallen, descended, deprived)

• पृथ्व्या (pṛthvyā) - from the earth (indicating separation) (from the earth, by the earth)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

• पूर्णाम् (pūrṇām) - full (referring to a river at full flow) (full, complete, abundant)

• नदीम् (nadīm) - a river (river)

• नराः (narāḥ) - people, human beings (men, people)

• अवगाढाः (avagāḍhāḥ) - deeply immersed (in the river, and later in the world) (immersed, plunged into, entered deeply)

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, for, because)

• अविद्वांसः (avidvāṁsaḥ) - the ignorant people (who do not know the true nature of reality) (ignorant ones, those who do not know)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know (imperative instruction) (know, understand)

• लोकम् (lokam) - this world (as a source of suffering for the ignorant) (world, realm, people)

• इमम् (imam) - this (referring to the immediate world) (this, this one)

• तथा (tathā) - so also, in the same way (so, thus, in that manner)

Words meanings and morphology

तप्येयुः (tapyeyuḥ) - they would suffer (figuratively, by being overwhelmed) (they would suffer, they would undergo penance)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, Optative (vidhiliṅ) of tap

Optative mood, 3rd person plural

Passive construction with root tap

Root: tap (class 1)

प्रच्युताः (pracyutāḥ) - having fallen (fallen, descended, deprived)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pracyuta

pracyuta - fallen, dropped, strayed, deprived

Past Passive Participle

From prefix pra- + root cyu (to move, to fall)

Prefix: pra

Root: cyu (class 1)

पृथ्व्या (pṛthvyā) - from the earth (indicating separation) (from the earth, by the earth)

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of pṛthvī

pṛthvī - earth, ground, world

Note: Denotes the source from which they have fallen.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

पूर्णाम् (pūrṇām) - full (referring to a river at full flow) (full, complete, abundant)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pūrṇa

pūrṇa - full, complete, filled

Past Passive Participle

From root pṛ (to fill)

Root: pṛ (class 3)

नदीम् (nadīm) - a river (river)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

Root: nad (class 1)

नराः (narāḥ) - people, human beings (men, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human being, person

अवगाढाः (avagāḍhāḥ) - deeply immersed (in the river, and later in the world) (immersed, plunged into, entered deeply)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avagāḍha

avagāḍha - immersed, plunged into, deep-seated

Past Passive Participle

From prefix ava- + root gāh (to plunge, enter deeply)

Prefix: ava

Root: gāh (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

अविद्वांसः (avidvāṁsaḥ) - the ignorant people (who do not know the true nature of reality) (ignorant ones, those who do not know)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avidvat

avidvat - ignorant, unwise, one who does not know

Present Active Participle (negative)

From negative prefix a- + root vid (to know) + śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: a

Root: vid (class 2)

विद्धि (viddhi) - know (imperative instruction) (know, understand)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, Imperative (loṭ) of vid

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular

Root vid, imperative form.

Root: vid (class 2)

लोकम् (lokam) - this world (as a source of suffering for the ignorant) (world, realm, people)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, universe, people, realm

Root: lok (class 1)

इमम् (imam) - this (referring to the immediate world) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

तथा (tathā) - so also, in the same way (so, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Corresponds to 'yathā'.