महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-241, verse-5

अनादिनिधनं नित्यमासाद्य विचरेन्नरः ।
अक्रुध्यन्नप्रहृष्यंश्च नित्यं विगतमत्सरः ॥५॥

5. anādinidhanaṁ nityamāsādya vicarennaraḥ ,
akrudhyannaprahṛṣyaṁśca nityaṁ vigatamatsaraḥ.

5. anādinidhanam nityam āsādya vicaret naraḥ
akrudhyan aprahṛṣyan ca nityam vigatamatsaraḥ

5. naraḥ anādinidhanam nityam āsādya nityam
akrudhyan aprahṛṣyan ca vigatamatsaraḥ vicaret

5. A person should act, having attained that which is eternal, without beginning or end, always remaining free from anger, not excessively joyful, and devoid of envy.

Words meanings summery:

• अनादिनिधनम् (anādinidhanam) - that which has no beginning or end (without beginning or end, eternal)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - that which is constant and eternal (eternal, constant, perpetual)

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having attained (the eternal reality) (having approached, having obtained, having attained)

• विचरेत् (vicaret) - should conduct oneself, should act (should move, should behave, should act)

• नरः (naraḥ) - a person, an individual (man, person)

• अक्रुध्यन् (akrudhyan) - remaining without anger (not becoming angry, without anger)

• अप्रहृष्यन् (aprahṛṣyan) - not becoming overly joyful (not excessively joyful, not overly excited)

• च (ca) - and

• नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always (always, constantly)

• विगतमत्सरः (vigatamatsaraḥ) - having abandoned envy (free from envy, devoid of jealousy)

Words meanings and morphology

अनादिनिधनम् (anādinidhanam) - that which has no beginning or end (without beginning or end, eternal)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anādinidhana

anādinidhana - without beginning or end, eternal

Compound: an-ādi-nidhana (not beginning, not end)

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (a+ādi+nidhana)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• ādi – beginning, origin, first
  noun (masculine)
• nidhana – end, death, destruction
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'nityam', referring to the eternal reality.

नित्यम् (nityam) - that which is constant and eternal (eternal, constant, perpetual)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nitya

nitya - constant, perpetual, eternal, always

From ni + root i (to go) + tya suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Accusative case due to 'āsādya' (having attained), referring to the object attained.

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having attained (the eternal reality) (having approached, having obtained, having attained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From prefix ā- + root sad (to sit) + suffix -ya (for absolutive with prefix)

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Indicates a completed action before the main verb 'vicaret'.

विचरेत् (vicaret) - should conduct oneself, should act (should move, should behave, should act)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Optative (vidhiliṅ) of car

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

From prefix vi- + root car (to move)

Prefix: vi

Root: car (class 1)

नरः (naraḥ) - a person, an individual (man, person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, person

Note: Subject of 'vicaret'.

अक्रुध्यन् (akrudhyan) - remaining without anger (not becoming angry, without anger)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akrudhyat

akrudhyat - not becoming angry

Present Active Participle

From negative prefix a- + root krudh (to be angry) + śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: a

Root: krudh (class 4)

अप्रहृष्यन् (aprahṛṣyan) - not becoming overly joyful (not excessively joyful, not overly excited)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aprahṛṣyat

aprahṛṣyat - not delighting, not overly joyful

Present Active Participle

From negative prefix a- + prefix pra- + root hṛṣ (to rejoice) + śatṛ suffix.

Prefixes: a+pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always (always, constantly)

(indeclinable)

Accusative of nitya used adverbially.

Prefix: ni

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Adverbial usage.

विगतमत्सरः (vigatamatsaraḥ) - having abandoned envy (free from envy, devoid of jealousy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vigatamatsara

vigatamatsara - free from envy, devoid of jealousy

Compound: vigata (gone away) + matsara (envy)

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (vigata+matsara)

• vigata – gone, departed, abandoned
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix vi- + root gam (to go)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: gam (class 1)
• matsara – envy, jealousy, avarice
  noun (masculine)