महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-24, verse-5

गरुड उवाच ।
यथाहमभिजानीयां ब्राह्मणं लक्षणैः शुभैः ।
तन्मे कारणतो मातः पृच्छतो वक्तुमर्हसि ॥५॥

5. garuḍa uvāca ,
yathāhamabhijānīyāṁ brāhmaṇaṁ lakṣaṇaiḥ śubhaiḥ ,
tanme kāraṇato mātaḥ pṛcchato vaktumarhasi.

5. garuḍaḥ uvāca yathā aham abhijānīyām brāhmaṇam lakṣaṇaiḥ
śubhaiḥ tat me kāraṇataḥ mātaḥ pṛcchataḥ vaktum arhasi

5. Garuḍa said: "Mother, please tell me the reason so that I may properly recognize a Brāhmaṇa by auspicious marks, since I am asking you."

Words meanings summery:

• गरुडः (garuḍaḥ) - Garuḍa (Garuḍa (mythological bird))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• यथा (yathā) - so that (as, just as, so that)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• अभिजानीयाम् (abhijānīyām) - I may recognize (I may recognize, I should know)

• ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a Brāhmaṇa

• लक्षणैः (lakṣaṇaiḥ) - by marks (by marks, by signs, by characteristics)

• शुभैः (śubhaiḥ) - by auspicious (by auspicious, by beautiful, by good)

• तत् (tat) - that (reason) (that, therefore)

• मे (me) - to me (dative) (to me, for me, my)

• कारणतः (kāraṇataḥ) - the reason, for the reason (for a reason, due to a cause, because)

• मातः (mātaḥ) - O Mother

• पृच्छतः (pṛcchataḥ) - of me, who is asking (of one asking, asking (genitive singular))

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to tell (to speak, to tell)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (to tell) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

गरुडः (garuḍaḥ) - Garuḍa (Garuḍa (mythological bird))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of garuḍa

garuḍa - Garuḍa (a mythical bird, king of birds, vehicle of Viṣṇu)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect 3rd singular of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - so that (as, just as, so that)

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

अभिजानीयाम् (abhijānīyām) - I may recognize (I may recognize, I should know)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of jñā

Optative 1st singular of jñā with abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: jñā (class 9)

ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a Brāhmaṇa

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly caste

लक्षणैः (lakṣaṇaiḥ) - by marks (by marks, by signs, by characteristics)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of lakṣaṇa

lakṣaṇa - mark, sign, characteristic, attribute, definition

शुभैः (śubhaiḥ) - by auspicious (by auspicious, by beautiful, by good)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of śubha

śubha - auspicious, fortunate, beautiful, bright, good

Note: Agrees with lakṣaṇaiḥ.

तत् (tat) - that (reason) (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to the kāraṇa (reason).

मे (me) - to me (dative) (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

कारणतः (kāraṇataḥ) - the reason, for the reason (for a reason, due to a cause, because)

(indeclinable)

Formed with -tas suffix indicating 'from/by reason of'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'the reason'.

मातः (mātaḥ) - O Mother

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

पृच्छतः (pṛcchataḥ) - of me, who is asking (of one asking, asking (genitive singular))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pṛcchat

pṛcchat - asking, questioning

present participle

Present active participle of pracch

Root: pracch (class 6)

Note: Agrees with an implied 'me' (of me asking).

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to tell (to speak, to tell)

(verb)

infinitive

Infinitive of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (to tell) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of arh

Present 2nd singular of arh

Root: arh (class 1)