महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-174, verse-10

स हि वेदार्थतत्त्वज्ञस्तेषां गुरुरुदारधीः ।
तेन धर्मविदा पार्था याज्याः सर्वविदा कृताः ॥१०॥

10. sa hi vedārthatattvajñasteṣāṁ gururudāradhīḥ ,
tena dharmavidā pārthā yājyāḥ sarvavidā kṛtāḥ.

10. saḥ hi vedārthatattvajñaḥ teṣām guruḥ udāradhīḥ
tena dharmavidā pārthāḥ yājyāḥ sarvavidā kṛtāḥ

10. Indeed, he was their preceptor (guru), a knower of the true essence of the Vedas and possessed of a noble intellect. By him, who understood natural law (dharma) and knew everything, the Pārthas were made eligible to be his patrons of sacrifice (yājyāḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Dhaumya) (he)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for

• वेदार्थतत्त्वज्ञः (vedārthatattvajñaḥ) - knower of the true meaning of the Vedas

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (the Pāṇḍavas) (of them, their)

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - preceptor (guru) (preceptor (guru), teacher)

• उदारधीः (udāradhīḥ) - noble-minded, of noble intellect

• तेन (tena) - by him (Dhaumya) (by him)

• धर्मविदा (dharmavidā) - by the knower of natural law (dharma)

• पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the Pārthas (referring to the Pāṇḍavas) (the Pārthas, sons of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

• याज्याः (yājyāḥ) - patrons of sacrifice, clients for whom a priest performs rituals (fit for sacrifice, patrons of a sacrifice, to be sacrificed for)

• सर्वविदा (sarvavidā) - by the knower of all, by the omniscient one

• कृताः (kṛtāḥ) - made, done, rendered

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Dhaumya) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Dhaumya.

हि (hi) - indeed, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

वेदार्थतत्त्वज्ञः (vedārthatattvajñaḥ) - knower of the true meaning of the Vedas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vedārthatattvajña

vedārthatattvajña - knower of the essence/truth of the meaning of the Vedas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veda+artha+tattva+jña)

• veda – Veda, sacred knowledge
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• artha – meaning, purpose, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ
• tattva – truth, essence, reality
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knowing, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  from root `jñā` (to know), agent noun
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies `guruḥ`.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (the Pāṇḍavas) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

गुरुः (guruḥ) - preceptor (guru) (preceptor (guru), teacher)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, heavy, venerable

Note: Refers to Dhaumya.

उदारधीः (udāradhīḥ) - noble-minded, of noble intellect

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udāradhī

udāradhī - of noble intellect, high-minded

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (udāra+dhī)

• udāra – noble, high, generous
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
• dhī – intellect, understanding, mind
  noun (feminine)
  Root: dhī

Note: Qualifies `guruḥ`.

तेन (tena) - by him (Dhaumya) (by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Dhaumya, the agent of the action `kṛtāḥ`.

धर्मविदा (dharmavidā) - by the knower of natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmavid

dharmavid - knower of natural law (dharma), one who understands righteousness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vid)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knowing, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  from root `vid` (to know), agent noun
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `tena` (Dhaumya).

पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the Pārthas (referring to the Pāṇḍavas) (the Pārthas, sons of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a Pāṇḍava

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

याज्याः (yājyāḥ) - patrons of sacrifice, clients for whom a priest performs rituals (fit for sacrifice, patrons of a sacrifice, to be sacrificed for)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yājya

yājya - fit for sacrifice, worthy of a sacrifice, a patron of a sacrifice (for whom a priest officiates)

Future Passive Participle (Gerundive)

From root `yaj` (to sacrifice)

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for `pārthāḥ`.

सर्वविदा (sarvavidā) - by the knower of all, by the omniscient one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sarvavid

sarvavid - all-knowing, omniscient

From `sarva` (all) + `vid` (knower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+vid)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective (masculine)
• vid – knowing, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  from root `vid` (to know), agent noun
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `tena` (Dhaumya).

कृताः (kṛtāḥ) - made, done, rendered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛta

kṛta - made, done, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root `kṛ` (to do, to make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Main verb (compound with `pārthāḥ yājyāḥ`).