भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-3, verse-8
नियतं कुरु कर्म त्वं कर्म ज्यायो ह्यकर्मणः ।
शरीरयात्रापि च ते न प्रसिध्येदकर्मणः ॥८॥
शरीरयात्रापि च ते न प्रसिध्येदकर्मणः ॥८॥
8. niyataṁ kuru karma tvaṁ karma jyāyo hyakarmaṇaḥ ,
śarīrayātrāpi ca te na prasidhyedakarmaṇaḥ.
śarīrayātrāpi ca te na prasidhyedakarmaṇaḥ.
8.
niyatam kuru karma tvam karma jyāyaḥ hi akarmaṇaḥ
śarīrayātrā api ca te na prasidhyet akarmaṇaḥ
śarīrayātrā api ca te na prasidhyet akarmaṇaḥ
8.
tvam niyatam karma kuru hi akarmaṇaḥ karma jyāyaḥ
ca te akarmaṇaḥ śarīrayātrā api na prasidhyet
ca te akarmaṇaḥ śarīrayātrā api na prasidhyet
8.
You must perform your prescribed duty (karma), for action (karma) is superior to inaction. Indeed, even your bodily maintenance would not be possible without performing action (karma).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- नियतम् (niyatam) - your prescribed duty (prescribed, fixed, constant, regular, restrained)
- कुरु (kuru) - do, make, perform
- कर्म (karma) - prescribed duty (karma) (action, deed, duty, work)
- त्वम् (tvam) - you
- कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, duty, work)
- ज्यायः (jyāyaḥ) - better, superior, greater, older
- हि (hi) - indeed, for, because
- अकर्मणः (akarmaṇaḥ) - than inaction (of inaction, from inaction)
- शरीरयात्रा (śarīrayātrā) - bodily maintenance, sustenance of the body, journey of the body
- अपि (api) - even, also, too
- च (ca) - and, also, moreover
- ते (te) - your (your, to you)
- न (na) - not, no
- प्रसिध्येत् (prasidhyet) - would be possible (would succeed, would be accomplished, would be established)
- अकर्मणः (akarmaṇaḥ) - without performing action (karma) (of inaction, from inaction, without action)
Words meanings and morphology
नियतम् (niyatam) - your prescribed duty (prescribed, fixed, constant, regular, restrained)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of niyata
niyata - restrained, controlled, disciplined, prescribed, fixed, regular
Past Passive Participle
From prefix ni + root yam, meaning 'to restrain, control'.
Prefix: ni
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: Used adverbially here, modifying 'karma'.
कुरु (kuru) - do, make, perform
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of kṛ
Root: kṛ (class 8)
कर्म (karma) - prescribed duty (karma) (action, deed, duty, work)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of karma
karma - action, deed, work, duty, religious rite, consequence of action (karma)
From root kṛ + man suffix.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
त्वम् (tvam) - you
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you
कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, duty, work)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of karma
karma - action, deed, work, duty, religious rite, consequence of action (karma)
From root kṛ + man suffix.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
ज्यायः (jyāyaḥ) - better, superior, greater, older
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of jyāyas
jyāyas - better, superior, greater, older
Comparative form of praśasya (excellent) or vṛddha (old/great).
हि (hi) - indeed, for, because
(indeclinable)
अकर्मणः (akarmaṇaḥ) - than inaction (of inaction, from inaction)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of akarman
akarman - inaction, idleness, non-performance of duty
Negative prefix a- + karma (action).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+karma)
- a – not, non
indeclinable - karma – action, deed, work, duty
noun (neuter)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Used in a comparative sense with 'jyāyaḥ'.
शरीरयात्रा (śarīrayātrā) - bodily maintenance, sustenance of the body, journey of the body
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of śarīrayātrā
śarīrayātrā - bodily maintenance, sustenance of the body
Compound of śarīra (body) and yātrā (journey, sustenance).
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śarīra+yātrā)
- śarīra – body
noun (neuter) - yātrā – journey, going, procession, maintenance
noun (feminine)
From root yā (to go) + trā suffix.
Root: yā (class 2)
अपि (api) - even, also, too
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and, also, moreover
(indeclinable)
ते (te) - your (your, to you)
(pronoun)
Genitive, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you
Note: Enclitic form of genitive/dative singular of yuṣmad.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
प्रसिध्येत् (prasidhyet) - would be possible (would succeed, would be accomplished, would be established)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of pra-sidh
Prefix: pra
Root: sidh (class 4)
अकर्मणः (akarmaṇaḥ) - without performing action (karma) (of inaction, from inaction, without action)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of akarman
akarman - inaction, idleness, non-performance of duty
Negative prefix a- + karma (action).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+karma)
- a – not, non
indeclinable - karma – action, deed, work, duty
noun (neuter)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Indicates the cause or means by which something is not achieved.