भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-3, verse-42
इन्द्रियाणि पराण्याहुरिन्द्रियेभ्यः परं मनः ।
मनसस्तु परा बुद्धिर्यो बुद्धेः परतस्तु सः ॥४२॥
मनसस्तु परा बुद्धिर्यो बुद्धेः परतस्तु सः ॥४२॥
42. indriyāṇi parāṇyāhurindriyebhyaḥ paraṁ manaḥ ,
manasastu parā buddhiryo buddheḥ paratastu saḥ.
manasastu parā buddhiryo buddheḥ paratastu saḥ.
42.
indriyāṇi parāṇi āhuḥ indriyebhyaḥ param manaḥ
manasaḥ tu parā buddhiḥ yaḥ buddheḥ parataḥ tu saḥ
manasaḥ tu parā buddhiḥ yaḥ buddheḥ parataḥ tu saḥ
42.
indriyāṇi parāṇi āhuḥ indriyebhyaḥ manaḥ param
manasaḥ tu buddhiḥ parā yaḥ buddheḥ parataḥ tu saḥ
manasaḥ tu buddhiḥ parā yaḥ buddheḥ parataḥ tu saḥ
42.
They declare the senses (indriyāṇi) to be superior; the mind is superior to the senses; but the intellect (buddhi) is superior to the mind; and that which is superior to the intellect is He (the Self – ātman).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- इन्द्रियाणि (indriyāṇi) - senses, organs of sense
- पराणि (parāṇi) - superior, higher, beyond
- आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare
- इन्द्रियेभ्यः (indriyebhyaḥ) - than the senses, from the senses
- परम् (param) - superior, higher, supreme
- मनः (manaḥ) - mind, thought, intention
- मनसः (manasaḥ) - than the mind, from the mind
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand
- परा (parā) - superior, higher, supreme
- बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect, understanding, reason
- यः (yaḥ) - the Self (ātman) (who, which, that)
- बुद्धेः (buddheḥ) - than the intellect, from the intellect
- परतः (parataḥ) - superior, beyond, higher
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand
- सः (saḥ) - the Self (ātman) (he, that)
Words meanings and morphology
इन्द्रियाणि (indriyāṇi) - senses, organs of sense
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of indriya
indriya - sense organ, faculty of sense
Derived from 'indra' + suffix 'iya'. Originally 'belonging to Indra' or 'power of Indra', later specialized to senses as powers.
पराणि (parāṇi) - superior, higher, beyond
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, plural of para
para - other, ultimate, supreme, superior, higher
आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (lit) of ah
Perfect active
Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice. Root is 'ah' (defectives) or sometimes seen as perfect of 'vac'.
Root: ah
इन्द्रियेभ्यः (indriyebhyaḥ) - than the senses, from the senses
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, plural of indriya
indriya - sense organ, faculty of sense
Note: Used with param for comparison.
परम् (param) - superior, higher, supreme
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of para
para - other, ultimate, supreme, superior, higher
Note: Modifies manaḥ.
मनः (manaḥ) - mind, thought, intention
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of manas
manas - mind, intellect, thought, conscience
Root: man (class 4)
मनसः (manasaḥ) - than the mind, from the mind
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of manas
manas - mind, intellect, thought, conscience
Root: man (class 4)
Note: Used with parā for comparison.
तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand
(indeclinable)
परा (parā) - superior, higher, supreme
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of para
para - other, ultimate, supreme, superior, higher
Note: Modifies buddhiḥ.
बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect, understanding, reason
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi
buddhi - intellect, reason, understanding, discernment
Derived from root 'budh' (to know, understand) with 'ti' suffix.
Root: budh (class 1)
यः (yaḥ) - the Self (ātman) (who, which, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Relative pronoun, refers to the Self (ātman).
बुद्धेः (buddheḥ) - than the intellect, from the intellect
(noun)
Ablative, feminine, singular of buddhi
buddhi - intellect, reason, understanding, discernment
Derived from root 'budh' (to know, understand) with 'ti' suffix.
Root: budh (class 1)
Note: Used with parataḥ for comparison.
परतः (parataḥ) - superior, beyond, higher
(indeclinable)
Adverbial form from 'para' + 'tas' suffix.
तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand
(indeclinable)
सः (saḥ) - the Self (ātman) (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Anaphoric pronoun, referring to the ultimate reality or the Self (ātman).