भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-3, verse-41
तस्मात्त्वमिन्द्रियाण्यादौ नियम्य भरतर्षभ ।
पाप्मानं प्रजहिह्येनं ज्ञानविज्ञाननाशनम् ॥४१॥
पाप्मानं प्रजहिह्येनं ज्ञानविज्ञाननाशनम् ॥४१॥
41. tasmāttvamindriyāṇyādau niyamya bharatarṣabha ,
pāpmānaṁ prajahihyenaṁ jñānavijñānanāśanam.
pāpmānaṁ prajahihyenaṁ jñānavijñānanāśanam.
41.
tasmāt tvam indriyāṇi ādau niyamya bharatarṣabha
pāpmānam prajahi hi enam jñānavijñānanāśanam
pāpmānam prajahi hi enam jñānavijñānanāśanam
41.
tasmāt bharatarṣabha tvam ādau indriyāṇi niyamya
jñānavijñānanāśanam enam pāpmānam prajahi hi
jñānavijñānanāśanam enam pāpmānam prajahi hi
41.
Therefore, O best of the Bhāratas (bharatarṣabha), first control your senses (indriyāṇi) and indeed slay this sinful enemy, which is the destroyer of both theoretical knowledge (jñāna) and practical wisdom (vijñāna).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that
- त्वम् (tvam) - you
- इन्द्रियाणि (indriyāṇi) - senses, organs of sense
- आदौ (ādau) - first, in the beginning
- नियम्य (niyamya) - having controlled, having restrained
- भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O Arjuna (O best of the Bhāratas)
- पाप्मानम् (pāpmānam) - the sinful enemy (desire) (the sinful one, evil, sin)
- प्रजहि (prajahi) - slay, abandon, destroy
- हि (hi) - indeed, for, because
- एनम् (enam) - this (sinful enemy) (this (one), him)
- ज्ञानविज्ञाननाशनम् (jñānavijñānanāśanam) - destroyer of knowledge and discriminative understanding
Words meanings and morphology
तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that
(pronoun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that
Note: Often functions as an indeclinable meaning 'therefore' or 'from that reason'.
त्वम् (tvam) - you
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of yuşmad
yuşmad - you
इन्द्रियाणि (indriyāṇi) - senses, organs of sense
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of indriya
indriya - sense organ, faculty of sense
Derived from 'indra' + suffix 'iya'. Originally 'belonging to Indra' or 'power of Indra', later specialized to senses as powers.
आदौ (ādau) - first, in the beginning
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of ādi
ādi - beginning, first, start
Root: ad (class 2)
Note: Functions adverbially as 'first'.
नियम्य (niyamya) - having controlled, having restrained
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund) with prefix
From 'ni' (down, in) + root 'yam' (to restrain) + 'ya' suffix for absolutive.
Prefix: ni
Root: yam (class 1)
भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O Arjuna (O best of the Bhāratas)
(proper noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha
bharatarṣabha - bull among the Bhāratas, best of the Bhāratas
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)
- bharata – Bharata (name of a legendary king, ancestor of a lineage; also India)
proper noun (masculine) - ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
noun (masculine)
Note: An epithet for Arjuna.
पाप्मानम् (pāpmānam) - the sinful enemy (desire) (the sinful one, evil, sin)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of pāpman
pāpman - sin, evil, wickedness, the sinful one
Note: Refers to desire (kāma).
प्रजहि (prajahi) - slay, abandon, destroy
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of prahā
Imperative active
From 'pra' (forth) + root 'hā' (to abandon, forsake). 2nd person singular, imperative mood, active voice.
Prefix: pra
Root: hā (class 3)
हि (hi) - indeed, for, because
(indeclinable)
एनम् (enam) - this (sinful enemy) (this (one), him)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of enam
enam - this, this one, him
Note: Often used as a demonstrative pronoun, referring back to something already mentioned (pāpmānam).
ज्ञानविज्ञाननाशनम् (jñānavijñānanāśanam) - destroyer of knowledge and discriminative understanding
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of jñānavijñānanāśana
jñānavijñānanāśana - destroyer of knowledge and spiritual wisdom
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jñāna+vijñāna+nāśana)
- jñāna – knowledge, theoretical knowledge
noun (neuter)
From root 'jñā' (to know) + suffix 'ana'.
Root: jñā (class 9) - vijñāna – discriminative understanding, practical wisdom, special knowledge
noun (neuter)
From 'vi' (apart, distinguishing) + root 'jñā' (to know).
Prefix: vi
Root: jñā (class 9) - nāśana – destroying, destroyer
adjective (masculine)
Agent noun/adjective from causal verb
From root 'naś' (to perish) in causal form 'nāśay' + suffix 'ana'.
Root: naś (class 4)
Note: Modifies pāpmānam.