भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-3, verse-16
एवं प्रवर्तितं चक्रं नानुवर्तयतीह यः ।
अघायुरिन्द्रियारामो मोघं पार्थ स जीवति ॥१६॥
अघायुरिन्द्रियारामो मोघं पार्थ स जीवति ॥१६॥
16. evaṁ pravartitaṁ cakraṁ nānuvartayatīha yaḥ ,
aghāyurindriyārāmo moghaṁ pārtha sa jīvati.
aghāyurindriyārāmo moghaṁ pārtha sa jīvati.
16.
evam pravartitam cakram na anuvartayati iha yaḥ
aghāyuḥ indriyārāmaḥ mogham pārtha saḥ jīvati
aghāyuḥ indriyārāmaḥ mogham pārtha saḥ jīvati
16.
pārtha iha evam pravartitam cakram yaḥ na
anuvartayati saḥ aghāyuḥ indriyārāmaḥ mogham jīvati
anuvartayati saḥ aghāyuḥ indriyārāmaḥ mogham jīvati
16.
O Pārtha, whoever does not uphold this cosmic cycle (cakra) that has been set in motion in this world, but lives a sinful life, delighting in the gratification of the senses, his existence is in vain.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एवम् (evam) - in this established manner, thus (thus, in this manner, in this way)
- प्रवर्तितम् (pravartitam) - set in motion, established (by the Creator/through yajña) (set in motion, caused to proceed, established)
- चक्रम् (cakram) - the cosmic cycle (cakra) of creation, sustenance, and dissolution, or the cycle of sacrifice and duty (wheel, cycle, disk)
- न (na) - not (not, no)
- अनुवर्तयति (anuvartayati) - upholds, maintains, follows (follows, conforms to, upholds)
- इह (iha) - in this world, in this human existence (here, in this world)
- यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, he who)
- अघायुः (aghāyuḥ) - living a sinful life (having a sinful life, living a life of vice)
- इन्द्रियारामः (indriyārāmaḥ) - delighting in the gratification of the senses (delighting in the senses, indulging the senses)
- मोघम् (mogham) - in vain, futilely (in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly)
- पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha (Arjuna), son of Pṛthā (Kuntī) (O Pārtha (Arjuna))
- सः (saḥ) - that person (referring to 'yaḥ') (he, that)
- जीवति (jīvati) - lives, exists (without purpose) (lives, exists)
Words meanings and morphology
एवम् (evam) - in this established manner, thus (thus, in this manner, in this way)
(indeclinable)
प्रवर्तितम् (pravartitam) - set in motion, established (by the Creator/through yajña) (set in motion, caused to proceed, established)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of pravartita
pravartita - set in motion, caused to proceed, established
Past Passive Participle
derived from root vṛt with prefix pra-
Prefix: pra
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'cakram'
चक्रम् (cakram) - the cosmic cycle (cakra) of creation, sustenance, and dissolution, or the cycle of sacrifice and duty (wheel, cycle, disk)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of cakra
cakra - wheel, cycle, disk, army, realm
Note: Object of 'anuvartayati'
न (na) - not (not, no)
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates the verb 'anuvartayati'
अनुवर्तयति (anuvartayati) - upholds, maintains, follows (follows, conforms to, upholds)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anuvartaya
causative
derived from root vṛt with prefix anu- and causative suffix -i
Prefix: anu
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: The subject is 'yaḥ' (he who)
इह (iha) - in this world, in this human existence (here, in this world)
(indeclinable)
यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, he who)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Subject of 'anuvartayati'
अघायुः (aghāyuḥ) - living a sinful life (having a sinful life, living a life of vice)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of aghāyu
aghāyu - living a sinful life, wretched, miserable
compound: agha (sin) + āyu (life)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (agha+āyu)
- agha – sin, evil, distress
noun (neuter) - āyu – life, duration of life, vital power
noun (neuter)
Note: Refers to 'yaḥ'
इन्द्रियारामः (indriyārāmaḥ) - delighting in the gratification of the senses (delighting in the senses, indulging the senses)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of indriyārāma
indriyārāma - delighting in the senses, given to sensual pleasure
compound: indriya (sense) + ārāma (delighting in)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (indriya+ārāma)
- indriya – sense organ, faculty, power
noun (neuter) - ārāma – delight, pleasure, garden
noun (masculine)
Note: Refers to 'yaḥ'
मोघम् (mogham) - in vain, futilely (in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly)
(indeclinable)
Note: Adverb modifying 'jīvati'
पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha (Arjuna), son of Pṛthā (Kuntī) (O Pārtha (Arjuna))
(proper noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha
pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Arjuna)
derived from Pṛthā
Note: Addressed to Arjuna
सः (saḥ) - that person (referring to 'yaḥ') (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Coreferent with 'yaḥ'
जीवति (jīvati) - lives, exists (without purpose) (lives, exists)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv
Root: jīv (class 1)
Note: The subject is 'saḥ'