भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-3, verse-13
यज्ञशिष्टाशिनः सन्तो मुच्यन्ते सर्वकिल्बिषैः ।
भुञ्जते ते त्वघं पापा ये पचन्त्यात्मकारणात् ॥१३॥
भुञ्जते ते त्वघं पापा ये पचन्त्यात्मकारणात् ॥१३॥
13. yajñaśiṣṭāśinaḥ santo mucyante sarvakilbiṣaiḥ ,
bhuñjate te tvaghaṁ pāpā ye pacantyātmakāraṇāt.
bhuñjate te tvaghaṁ pāpā ye pacantyātmakāraṇāt.
13.
yajñaśiṣṭāśinaḥ santaḥ mucyante sarvakilbiṣaiḥ
bhuñjate te tu agham pāpāḥ ye pacanti ātmakāraṇāt
bhuñjate te tu agham pāpāḥ ye pacanti ātmakāraṇāt
13.
yajñaśiṣṭāśinaḥ santaḥ sarvakilbiṣaiḥ mucyante ye
pāpāḥ ātmakāraṇāt pacanti te tu agham bhuñjate
pāpāḥ ātmakāraṇāt pacanti te tu agham bhuñjate
13.
The virtuous ones who partake of the remnants of the ritual sacrifice (yajña) are freed from all impurities. But those who cook only for their own sake (ātman) are sinners who consume only sin.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यज्ञशिष्टाशिनः (yajñaśiṣṭāśinaḥ) - those who eat the remnants of ritual sacrifice (yajña)
- सन्तः (santaḥ) - good people, virtuous ones, existing ones
- मुच्यन्ते (mucyante) - are freed, are liberated
- सर्वकिल्बिषैः (sarvakilbiṣaiḥ) - from all sins, from all impurities
- भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - they eat, they enjoy, they partake of
- ते (te) - they
- तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed
- अघम् (agham) - sin, evil, distress
- पापाः (pāpāḥ) - sinners, wicked ones
- ये (ye) - who, which
- पचन्ति (pacanti) - they cook, they ripen
- आत्मकारणात् (ātmakāraṇāt) - for the sake of oneself, for one's own sake
Words meanings and morphology
यज्ञशिष्टाशिनः (yajñaśiṣṭāśinaḥ) - those who eat the remnants of ritual sacrifice (yajña)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yajñaśiṣṭāśin
yajñaśiṣṭāśin - one who eats the remains of a sacrifice
Compound type : Tatpurusha (yajña+śiṣṭa+āśin)
- yajña – ritual sacrifice, worship, offering
noun (masculine)
Root: √yaj (class 1) - śiṣṭa – remaining, residue, remnant
adjective
Past Passive Participle
From √śiṣ (to leave as a remainder)
Root: √śiṣ (class 7) - āśin – eater, partaker, consumer
noun (masculine)
Agent noun from √aś (to eat)
Prefix: ā
Root: √aś (class 9)
सन्तः (santaḥ) - good people, virtuous ones, existing ones
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sat
sat - good, virtuous, existent, being, real
Present Active Participle
From √as (to be)
Root: √as (class 2)
Note: Used here substantively as 'the good/virtuous ones'.
मुच्यन्ते (mucyante) - are freed, are liberated
(verb)
3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of √muc
Passive voice formation
Root: √muc (class 6)
सर्वकिल्बिषैः (sarvakilbiṣaiḥ) - from all sins, from all impurities
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of sarvakilbiṣa
sarvakilbiṣa - all sin, every impurity
Compound type : Karmadhāraya (sarva+kilbiṣa)
- sarva – all, every, entire
adjective - kilbiṣa – sin, fault, impurity, offense
noun (neuter)
Note: Instrumental case often denotes separation ('from').
भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - they eat, they enjoy, they partake of
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of √bhuj
Root: √bhuj (class 7)
ते (te) - they
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those, he, she, it
तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed
(indeclinable)
अघम् (agham) - sin, evil, distress
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of agha
agha - sin, evil, distress, misfortune
पापाः (pāpāḥ) - sinners, wicked ones
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of pāpa
pāpa - sinful, wicked, evil, a sinner
Note: Used here substantively as 'the sinners'.
ये (ye) - who, which
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yad
yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)
पचन्ति (pacanti) - they cook, they ripen
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of √pac
Root: √pac (class 1)
आत्मकारणात् (ātmakāraṇāt) - for the sake of oneself, for one's own sake
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of ātmakāraṇa
ātmakāraṇa - cause of self, for the sake of oneself
Compound type : Tatpurusha (ātman+kāraṇa)
- ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual soul
noun (masculine) - kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
noun (neuter)
Root: √kṛ (class 8)
Note: Ablative expresses 'from/for the sake of' a reason.