भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-3, verse-12
इष्टान्भोगान्हि वो देवा दास्यन्ते यज्ञभाविताः ।
तैर्दत्तानप्रदायैभ्यो यो भुङ्क्ते स्तेन एव सः ॥१२॥
तैर्दत्तानप्रदायैभ्यो यो भुङ्क्ते स्तेन एव सः ॥१२॥
12. iṣṭānbhogānhi vo devā dāsyante yajñabhāvitāḥ ,
tairdattānapradāyaibhyo yo bhuṅkte stena eva saḥ.
tairdattānapradāyaibhyo yo bhuṅkte stena eva saḥ.
12.
iṣṭān bhogān hi vaḥ devāḥ dāsyante yajñabhāvitāḥ taiḥ
dattān apradāya ebhyaḥ yaḥ bhuṅkte stenaḥ eva saḥ
dattān apradāya ebhyaḥ yaḥ bhuṅkte stenaḥ eva saḥ
12.
yajñabhāvitāḥ devāḥ vaḥ iṣṭān bhogān hi dāsyante taiḥ
dattān ebhyaḥ apradāya yaḥ bhuṅkte saḥ stenaḥ eva
dattān ebhyaḥ apradāya yaḥ bhuṅkte saḥ stenaḥ eva
12.
The gods, nourished by ritual sacrifice (yajña), will surely grant you the desired enjoyments. One who partakes of these gifts without offering anything in return to them is certainly a thief.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- इष्टान् (iṣṭān) - desired, wished for, obtained
- भोगान् (bhogān) - enjoyments, objects of enjoyment, pleasures
- हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because
- वः (vaḥ) - to you, for you, your (plural)
- देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities
- दास्यन्ते (dāsyante) - will give, will grant
- यज्ञभाविताः (yajñabhāvitāḥ) - nourished by ritual sacrifice (yajña), propitiated by ritual sacrifice (yajña)
- तैः (taiḥ) - by them
- दत्तान् (dattān) - given, granted, bestowed
- अप्रदाय (apradāya) - without giving back, not having offered
- एभ्यः (ebhyaḥ) - to them, to these
- यः (yaḥ) - who, which
- भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats, enjoys, partakes of
- स्तेनः (stenaḥ) - a thief
- एव (eva) - only, indeed, just
- सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)
Words meanings and morphology
इष्टान् (iṣṭān) - desired, wished for, obtained
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of iṣṭa
iṣṭa - desired, wished for, liked, worshipped, sacrificed
Past Passive Participle
From √yaj (to sacrifice, worship, desire)
Root: √yaj (class 1)
भोगान् (bhogān) - enjoyments, objects of enjoyment, pleasures
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of bhoga
bhoga - enjoyment, pleasure, food, possession, experience
हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because
(indeclinable)
वः (vaḥ) - to you, for you, your (plural)
(pronoun)
Dative, plural of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you (plural)
Note: Can also be genitive or accusative, but here context implies dative 'to you'.
देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of deva
deva - god, deity, divine being
दास्यन्ते (dāsyante) - will give, will grant
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, future (lṛṭ) of √dā
Root: √dā (class 3)
यज्ञभाविताः (yajñabhāvitāḥ) - nourished by ritual sacrifice (yajña), propitiated by ritual sacrifice (yajña)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yajñabhāvita
yajñabhāvita - nourished by yajña, propitiated by yajña
Compound type : Tatpurusha (yajña+bhāvita)
- yajña – ritual sacrifice, worship, offering
noun (masculine)
Root: √yaj (class 1) - bhāvita – caused to be, formed, cherished, propitiated, cultivated
adjective
Past Passive Participle
From √bhū (in causative sense) or √bhāv
Root: √bhū (class 1)
Note: Agrees with 'devāḥ'.
तैः (taiḥ) - by them
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
Note: Refers to 'devāḥ'.
दत्तान् (dattān) - given, granted, bestowed
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of datta
datta - given, granted, offered, presented
Past Passive Participle
From √dā (to give)
Root: √dā (class 3)
Note: Agrees with 'bhogān' (implied).
अप्रदाय (apradāya) - without giving back, not having offered
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
a- (negation) + pra- (prefix) + √dā (root) + -ya (absolutive ending for prefixed roots)
Prefix: pra
Root: √dā (class 3)
एभ्यः (ebhyaḥ) - to them, to these
(pronoun)
Dative, masculine, plural of idam
idam - this, these
Note: Refers to 'devāḥ'.
यः (yaḥ) - who, which
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)
भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats, enjoys, partakes of
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √bhuj
Root: √bhuj (class 7)
स्तेनः (stenaḥ) - a thief
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of stena
stena - thief, robber
एव (eva) - only, indeed, just
(indeclinable)
सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it