योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-21, verse-8

आत्मज्ञानमनासाद्य ज्ञानान्तरलवेन ये ।
संतुष्टाः कष्टचेष्टं ते ते स्मृता ज्ञानबन्धवः ॥ ८ ॥

ātmajñānamanāsādya jñānāntaralavena ye ,
saṃtuṣṭāḥ kaṣṭaceṣṭaṃ te te smṛtā jñānabandhavaḥ 8

8. ātmajñānam anāsādya jñānāntaralavena ye
santuṣṭāḥ kaṣṭaceṣṭam te te smṛtāḥ jñānabandhavaḥ

8. ye ātmajñānam anāsādya jñānāntaralavena
santuṣṭāḥ kaṣṭaceṣṭam te te jñānabandhavaḥ smṛtāḥ

8. Those who, without attaining knowledge of the Self (ātman), are satisfied with a mere fragment of other knowledge, and whose endeavors are arduous and ultimately misguided, are considered 'relatives of knowledge' (jñānabandhavaḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• आत्मज्ञानम् (ātmajñānam) - knowledge concerning the ultimate reality of the individual soul (ātman) (knowledge of the Self, self-knowledge)

• अनासाद्य (anāsādya) - without attaining knowledge of the Self (without obtaining, without reaching, without attaining)

• ज्ञानान्तरलवेन (jñānāntaralavena) - by a superficial or minor understanding (as opposed to true ātman knowledge) (by a fragment of other knowledge, by a little bit of different knowledge)

• ये (ye) - those persons who (who, those who)

• सन्तुष्टाः (santuṣṭāḥ) - those who are satisfied (satisfied, contented)

• कष्टचेष्टम् (kaṣṭaceṣṭam) - indicates their efforts are difficult and ultimately futile or misdirected (with arduous effort, painfully striving, with misguided endeavors)

• ते (te) - those (referring to the persons described by `ye`) (they)

• ते (te) - indeed they (they (emphatic repetition))

• स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - they are recognized or labelled as (remembered, considered, known as)

• ज्ञानबन्धवः (jñānabandhavaḥ) - those who have a superficial or indirect connection to knowledge, but not true knowledge (relatives of knowledge, friends of knowledge, those connected to knowledge)

Words meanings and morphology

आत्मज्ञानम् (ātmajñānam) - knowledge concerning the ultimate reality of the individual soul (ātman) (knowledge of the Self, self-knowledge)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ātmajñāna

ātmajñāna - knowledge of the Self, self-knowledge

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+jñāna)

• ātman – Self, soul, essence, breath
  noun (masculine)
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of 'anāsādya'.

अनासाद्य (anāsādya) - without attaining knowledge of the Self (without obtaining, without reaching, without attaining)

(indeclinable)

gerund (absolutive)

From root `sad` with prefix `ā`, forming `āsādya`. The `an` in `anāsādya` is a negative prefix.

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Derived from `ā-sad` with suffix `lyap` and negative prefix `an`.

ज्ञानान्तरलवेन (jñānāntaralavena) - by a superficial or minor understanding (as opposed to true ātman knowledge) (by a fragment of other knowledge, by a little bit of different knowledge)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jñānāntaralava

jñānāntaralava - a fragment/particle of other knowledge

Compound type : tatpurusha (jñāna+antara+lava)

• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• antara – other, different, interior, interval
  adjective (neuter)
• lava – fragment, particle, drop, bit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: lū (class 9)

ये (ye) - those persons who (who, those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to the persons described.

सन्तुष्टाः (santuṣṭāḥ) - those who are satisfied (satisfied, contented)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of santuṣṭa

santuṣṭa - satisfied, contented, pleased

past passive participle

From `sam-tuṣ` (to be pleased) + `kta` suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying `ye`.

कष्टचेष्टम् (kaṣṭaceṣṭam) - indicates their efforts are difficult and ultimately futile or misdirected (with arduous effort, painfully striving, with misguided endeavors)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kaṣṭa+ceṣṭa)

• kaṣṭa – difficult, painful, bad, trouble
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  From root `kaṣ`.
  Root: kaṣ (class 1)
• ceṣṭa – effort, action, exertion, activity
  noun (neuter)
  From root `ceṣṭ`.
  Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially.

ते (te) - those (referring to the persons described by `ye`) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Correlative to `ye`.

ते (te) - indeed they (they (emphatic repetition))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Emphatic repetition of the pronoun.

स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - they are recognized or labelled as (remembered, considered, known as)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, thought of, mentioned

past passive participle

From root `smṛ` (to remember) + `kta` suffix.

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for `te`.

ज्ञानबन्धवः (jñānabandhavaḥ) - those who have a superficial or indirect connection to knowledge, but not true knowledge (relatives of knowledge, friends of knowledge, those connected to knowledge)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jñānabandhu

jñānabandhu - a kinsman of knowledge, one who has a superficial acquaintance with knowledge

Compound type : tatpurusha (jñāna+bandhu)

• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• bandhu – relative, kinsman, friend, connection
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Predicative noun for `te`.

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