वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-44, verse-9

नदन्तश्चोन्नदन्तश्च गर्जन्तश्च प्लवंगमाः ।
क्ष्वेलन्तो धावमानाश्च ययुः प्लवगसत्तमाः ।
आनयिष्यामहे सीतां हनिष्यामश्च रावणम् ॥९॥

9. nadantaśconnadantaśca garjantaśca plavaṃgamāḥ ,
kṣvelanto dhāvamānāśca yayuḥ plavagasattamāḥ ,
ānayiṣyāmahe sītāṃ haniṣyāmaśca rāvaṇam.

9. nadantaḥ ca unnadantaḥ ca garjantaḥ
ca plavaṃgamāḥ kṣvelantaḥ dhāvamānāḥ
ca yayuḥ plavaga-sattamāḥ
ānayiṣyāmahe sītām haniṣyāmaḥ ca rāvaṇam

9. nadantaḥ ca unnadantaḥ ca garjantaḥ
ca kṣvelantaḥ ca dhāvamānāḥ
plavaṃgamāḥ plavaga-sattamāḥ yayuḥ
ānayiṣyāmahe sītām ca rāvaṇam haniṣyāmaḥ

9. The monkeys, roaring, loudly shouting, thundering, frolicking, and running, indeed the best of the monkeys, departed (declaring): "We shall bring back Sītā, and we shall kill Rāvaṇa!"

Words meanings summery:

• नदन्तः (nadantaḥ) - roaring, shouting (roaring, sounding, shouting)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• उन्नदन्तः (unnadantaḥ) - loudly shouting (loudly roaring, making a great noise, shouting out)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• गर्जन्तः (garjantaḥ) - thundering, roaring (thundering, roaring, growling)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• प्लवंगमाः (plavaṁgamāḥ) - the monkeys (monkeys, leapers)

• क्ष्वेलन्तः (kṣvelantaḥ) - frolicking, playing (sporting, playing, frolicking)

• धावमानाः (dhāvamānāḥ) - running (running, moving swiftly)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ययुः (yayuḥ) - they departed (they went, they departed)

• प्लवग-सत्तमाः (plavaga-sattamāḥ) - the best of the monkeys (best of monkeys, excellent monkeys)

• आनयिष्यामहे (ānayiṣyāmahe) - we shall bring back (we shall bring back, we shall fetch)

• सीताम् (sītām) - Sītā (wife of Rama) (Sītā (proper noun))

• हनिष्यामः (haniṣyāmaḥ) - we shall kill (we shall kill, we shall strike)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Rāvaṇa (the demon king) (Rāvaṇa (proper noun))

Words meanings and morphology

नदन्तः (nadantaḥ) - roaring, shouting (roaring, sounding, shouting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nadat

nad - to roar, sound, shout, make noise

Present Active Participle

From root 'nad' (class 1P) + 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Describes an action performed by the monkeys.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Post-positive conjunction.

उन्नदन्तः (unnadantaḥ) - loudly shouting (loudly roaring, making a great noise, shouting out)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of unnadat

unnad - to shout loudly, to roar, to make a great noise

Present Active Participle

From 'ud' (up, out) + root 'nad' (class 1P) + 'śatṛ' suffix.

Prefix: ud

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'plavaṃgamāḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

गर्जन्तः (garjantaḥ) - thundering, roaring (thundering, roaring, growling)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of garjat

garj - to thunder, roar, growl

Present Active Participle

From root 'garj' (class 1P) + 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: garj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'plavaṃgamāḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

प्लवंगमाः (plavaṁgamāḥ) - the monkeys (monkeys, leapers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of plavaṃgama

plavaṁgama - monkey, leaper, one who moves by jumping

Compound of 'plava' (jump) + 'gama' (going).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (plava+gama)

• plava – jumping, floating, swimming
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'plu' (to float, swim, jump).
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, moving, a goer
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  From root 'gam' (to go) + 'a' suffix.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'yayuḥ'.

क्ष्वेलन्तः (kṣvelantaḥ) - frolicking, playing (sporting, playing, frolicking)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣvelat

kṣvel - to sport, play, make a noise, roar

Present Active Participle

From root 'kṣvel' (class 1A) + 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: kṣvel (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'plavaṃgamāḥ'.

धावमानाः (dhāvamānāḥ) - running (running, moving swiftly)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhāvamāna

dhāv - to run, flow, move swiftly

Present Middle Participle

From root 'dhāv' (class 1P) + 'śānac' suffix.

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'plavaṃgamāḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

ययुः (yayuḥ) - they departed (they went, they departed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form of root 'yā' (class 2P).

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: The subject is 'plavaṃgamāḥ' / 'plavaga-sattamāḥ'.

प्लवग-सत्तमाः (plavaga-sattamāḥ) - the best of the monkeys (best of monkeys, excellent monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of plavaga-sattama

plavaga-sattama - best of monkeys, excellent monkey

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (plavaga+sattama)

• plavaga – monkey, leaper
  noun (masculine)
  From 'plava' (jump) + 'ga' (going).
• sattama – best, excellent, most eminent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix 'tama' added to 'sat' (good, existing).
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: In apposition to 'plavaṃgamāḥ', emphasizing their quality.

आनयिष्यामहे (ānayiṣyāmahe) - we shall bring back (we shall bring back, we shall fetch)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active (Ātmanepada), future (lṛṭ) of nī

Future Active

Future tense, 1st person plural, Ātmanepada, with prefix 'ā' (hither).

Prefix: ā

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Expresses determination.

सीताम् (sītām) - Sītā (wife of Rama) (Sītā (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sītā (name of Janaka's daughter, Rama's wife)

Note: Object of 'ānayiṣyāmahe'.

हनिष्यामः (haniṣyāmaḥ) - we shall kill (we shall kill, we shall strike)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of han

Future Active

Future tense, 1st person plural, Parasmaipada.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Expresses determination.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Rāvaṇa (the demon king) (Rāvaṇa (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king of Lanka)

Note: Object of 'haniṣyāmaḥ'.

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