वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-44, verse-1

तदुग्रशासनं भर्तुर्विज्ञाय हरिपुंगवाः ।
शलभा इव संछाद्य मेदिनीं संप्रतस्थिरे ॥१॥

1. tadugraśāsanaṃ bharturvijñāya haripuṃgavāḥ ,
śalabhā iva saṃchādya medinīṃ saṃpratasthire.

1. tat ugraśāsanam bhartuḥ vijñāya haripuṅgavāḥ
śalabhāḥ iva saṃchādya medinīm sampratasthire

1. bhartuḥ tat ugraśāsanam vijñāya haripuṅgavāḥ
śalabhāḥ iva saṃchādya medinīm sampratasthire

1. Having understood that severe command of their master, the chief monkeys set out, covering the earth like swarms of locusts.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (command) (that, this)

• उग्रशासनम् (ugraśāsanam) - the severe command (of Rama) (severe command, dreadful order)

• भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of their master (Rama) (of the master, of the lord, of the husband)

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having understood (having known, having understood, having ascertained)

• हरिपुङ्गवाः (haripuṅgavāḥ) - the chief monkeys (chief monkeys, excellent monkeys)

• शलभाः (śalabhāḥ) - locusts or swarms of locusts (locusts, grasshoppers, moths)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• संछाद्य (saṁchādya) - covering (having covered, having enveloped)

• मेदिनीम् (medinīm) - the earth (the earth, ground)

• सम्प्रतस्थिरे (sampratasthire) - set out (set out, started forth, departed)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (command) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'ugraśāsanam'.

उग्रशासनम् (ugraśāsanam) - the severe command (of Rama) (severe command, dreadful order)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ugraśāsana

ugraśāsana - severe command, dreadful order, harsh rule

Compound type : tatpurusha (ugra+śāsana)

• ugra – fierce, severe, dreadful
  adjective
• śāsana – command, order, instruction, rule
  noun (neuter)
  From root śās (to command, instruct).
  Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Object of 'vijñāya'.

भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of their master (Rama) (of the master, of the lord, of the husband)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - master, lord, husband, supporter

Agent noun from root bhṛ (to bear, support).

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Possessive of 'ugraśāsanam'.

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having understood (having known, having understood, having ascertained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive from root jñā (to know) with upasarga vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Indicates action preceding 'sampratasthire'.

हरिपुङ्गवाः (haripuṅgavāḥ) - the chief monkeys (chief monkeys, excellent monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haripuṅgava

haripuṅgava - chief of monkeys, excellent monkey

Compound type : tatpurusha (hari+puṅgava)

• hari – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

शलभाः (śalabhāḥ) - locusts or swarms of locusts (locusts, grasshoppers, moths)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śalabha

śalabha - locust, grasshopper, moth

Note: Part of the simile 'śalabhāḥ iva'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the simile.

संछाद्य (saṁchādya) - covering (having covered, having enveloped)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive from root chad (to cover) with upasarga sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: chad (class 10)

Note: Indicates action accompanying 'sampratasthire'.

मेदिनीम् (medinīm) - the earth (the earth, ground)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of medinī

medinī - earth, ground

Note: Object of 'saṃchādya'.

सम्प्रतस्थिरे (sampratasthire) - set out (set out, started forth, departed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of samprasthā

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice, from root sthā (class 1) with upasargas sam- and pra-.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

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