वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-3, verse-1

अथोवाच पुनर्वाक्यं विराधः पूरयन् वनम् ।
आत्मानं पृच्छते ब्रूतं कौ युवां क्व गमिष्यथः ॥१॥

1. athovāca punarvākyaṃ virādhaḥ pūrayan vanam ,
ātmānaṃ pṛcchate brūtaṃ kau yuvāṃ kva gamiṣyathaḥ.

1. atha uvāca punaḥ vākyam virādhaḥ pūrayan vanam
ātmānam pṛcchate brūtam kau yuvām kva gamiṣyathaḥ

1. Then Viradha, filling the forest (with his roar), spoke again, saying, "Tell me about yourselves (ātman): who are you two, and where are you going?"

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon (then, now, thereupon)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, anew)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (speech, statement, words)

• विराधः (virādhaḥ) - Viradha (Viradha (proper name))

• पूरयन् (pūrayan) - filling (the forest with his voice/roar) (filling, completing)

• वनम् (vanam) - the forest (forest, wood)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - yourselves (ātman) (self, soul, spirit)

• पृच्छते (pṛcchate) - asks (of you) (asks, enquires)

• ब्रूतम् (brūtam) - tell (me) (tell, say (dual))

• कौ (kau) - who (are you two) (who (dual))

• युवाम् (yuvām) - you two

• क्व (kva) - where

• गमिष्यथः (gamiṣyathaḥ) - will go (will go (dual))

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

root vac, 3rd person singular, Perfect tense, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: irregular perfect form of vac

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, anew)

(indeclinable)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (speech, statement, words)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

derived from vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: object of uvāca

विराधः (virādhaḥ) - Viradha (Viradha (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virādha

virādha - Viradha (name of a rākṣasa)

Note: subject of uvāca

पूरयन् (pūrayan) - filling (the forest with his voice/roar) (filling, completing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūrayat

pūrayat - filling, completing, causing to fill

Present Active Participle

causative of root pṛ (to fill), present active participle, masculine, singular, nominative

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: describes Virādhaḥ

वनम् (vanam) - the forest (forest, wood)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, water, desire

Note: object of pūrayan

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - yourselves (ātman) (self, soul, spirit)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, life, mind

Note: object of pṛcchate, referring to the selves of the two listeners

पृच्छते (pṛcchate) - asks (of you) (asks, enquires)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prach

Present Middle

root prach, 3rd person singular, Present tense, middle voice

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Virādha asks (for his own benefit/knowledge)

ब्रूतम् (brūtam) - tell (me) (tell, say (dual))

(verb)

2nd person , dual, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative Active

root brū, 2nd person dual, Imperative tense, active voice

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: command to the two (yuvām)

कौ (kau) - who (are you two) (who (dual))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kim

kim - who, what, which

interrogative pronoun, masculine, dual, nominative

Note: refers to yuvām

युवाम् (yuvām) - you two

(pronoun)

Nominative, dual of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

personal pronoun, 2nd person dual, nominative

Note: subject of implied verb 'are' with kau

क्व (kva) - where

(indeclinable)

Note: interrogative adverb of place

गमिष्यथः (gamiṣyathaḥ) - will go (will go (dual))

(verb)

2nd person , dual, active, future (lṛṭ) of gam

Future Active

root gam, 2nd person dual, Future tense, active voice

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: verb for yuvām

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