वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-2, verse-21

अनाथ इव भूतानां नाथस्त्वं वासवोपमः ।
मया प्रेष्येण काकुत्स्थ किमर्थं परितप्स्यसे ॥२१॥

21. anātha iva bhūtānāṃ nāthastvaṃ vāsavopamaḥ ,
mayā preṣyeṇa kākutstha kimarthaṃ paritapsyase.

21. anāthaḥ iva bhūtānām nāthaḥ tvam vāsavopamaḥ |
mayā preṣyeṇa kākutstha kimartham paritapsyase

21. kākutstha tvam bhūtānām nāthaḥ vāsavopamaḥ mayā
preṣyeṇa kimartham anāthaḥ iva paritapsyase

21. O Kakutstha, you are the protector (nātha) of all beings, comparable to Indra (Vāsava); why then do you lament as if you were helpless, especially with me, your servant, by your side?

Words meanings summery:

• अनाथः (anāthaḥ) - without a protector, helpless, an orphan

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures, of elements

• नाथः (nāthaḥ) - protector, lord, master

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• वासवोपमः (vāsavopamaḥ) - similar to Indra, like Vāsava

• मया (mayā) - by me

• प्रेष्येण (preṣyeṇa) - by a messenger, by a servant

• काकुत्स्थ (kākutstha) - O Rama (O Kakutstha (an epithet of Rama))

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

• परितप्स्यसे (paritapsyase) - you will grieve, you will lament, you will suffer greatly

Words meanings and morphology

अनाथः (anāthaḥ) - without a protector, helpless, an orphan

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anātha

anātha - protectorless, helpless, orphan

From 'na' (negation) + 'nātha' (protector)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+nātha)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• nātha – protector, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nāth (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tvam' (you).

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures, of elements

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, to become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

नाथः (nāthaḥ) - protector, lord, master

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nātha

nātha - protector, lord, master, refuge

From root 'nāth' (to ask, to protect)

Root: nāth (class 1)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun

वासवोपमः (vāsavopamaḥ) - similar to Indra, like Vāsava

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsavopama

vāsavopama - similar to Indra

Compound: Vāsava (Indra) + upama (likeness)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vāsava+upama)

• vāsava – Indra
  proper noun (masculine)
• upama – likeness, comparison, similar to
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'tvam' (you).

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

asmad - I

First person pronoun

प्रेष्येण (preṣyeṇa) - by a messenger, by a servant

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of preṣya

preṣya - messenger, servant, one who is sent

Gerundive/Past Passive Participle (secondary usage as noun)

From 'pra' (forth) + root 'iṣ' (to send) + '-ya' suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'mayā'.

काकुत्स्थ (kākutstha) - O Rama (O Kakutstha (an epithet of Rama))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha (epithet of Rama)

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'kim' (what) and 'artha' (purpose)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

परितप्स्यसे (paritapsyase) - you will grieve, you will lament, you will suffer greatly

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of taps

Future Tense, Middle Voice, Second Person Singular

Prefix: pari

Root: tap (class 1)