महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-41, verse-5

असौ गच्छति कौरव्य द्रौणिरस्त्रभृतां वरः ।
तमेष प्रद्रुतः संख्ये धृष्टद्युम्नो महारथः ॥५॥

5. asau gacchati kauravya drauṇirastrabhṛtāṁ varaḥ ,
tameṣa pradrutaḥ saṁkhye dhṛṣṭadyumno mahārathaḥ.

5. asau gacchati kauravya drauṇiḥ astrabhṛtām varaḥ
tam eṣa pradrutaḥ saṅkhye dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ mahārathaḥ

5. kauravya astrabhṛtām varaḥ asau drauṇiḥ gacchati
saṅkhye eṣa mahārathaḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ tam pradrutaḥ

5. O descendant of Kuru, there goes Droṇi (Aśvatthāman), the best of weapon-bearers. Towards him, that great charioteer Dhṛṣṭadyumna swiftly advances in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• असौ (asau) - that (yonder), he

• गच्छति (gacchati) - goes, is going, moves

• कौरव्य (kauravya) - O descendant of Kuru, O Kaurava

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Droṇi (son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāman)

• अस्त्रबृताम् (astrabṛtām) - of those bearing weapons, of the weapon-bearers

• वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest

• तम् (tam) - him (Droṇi) (him)

• एष (eṣa) - this (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (this)

• प्रद्रुतः (pradrutaḥ) - swiftly advanced (rushed forward, advanced quickly, fled)

• सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle, in combat

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - a great charioteer, a warrior capable of fighting many foes

Words meanings and morphology

असौ (asau) - that (yonder), he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, this, he, she, it

गच्छति (gacchati) - goes, is going, moves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present Tense

3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: gam (class 1)

कौरव्य (kauravya) - O descendant of Kuru, O Kaurava

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kauravya

kauravya - a descendant of Kuru; belonging to the Kurus

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Droṇi (son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāman)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa; Aśvatthāman

Patronymic from Droṇa

अस्त्रबृताम् (astrabṛtām) - of those bearing weapons, of the weapon-bearers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of astrabṛt

astrabṛt - weapon-bearer, warrior

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (astra+bhṛt)

• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 4)
• bhṛt – bearing, holding, sustaining
  adjective
  Derived from root 'bhṛ' (to bear, hold)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Part of a compound 'astrabṛtām varaḥ'

वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choicest; boon, choice

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Predicative of Drauṇi, used as 'the best (of)'

तम् (tam) - him (Droṇi) (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Droṇi

एष (eṣa) - this (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to Dhṛṣṭadyumna

प्रद्रुतः (pradrutaḥ) - swiftly advanced (rushed forward, advanced quickly, fled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pradruta

pradruta - run forth, run away, advanced quickly

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'dru' (to run) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: agreeing with Dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ, acting here effectively as a verb 'advances'

सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṅkhya

saṅkhya - battle, combat, war

Prefix: sam

Root: khyā (class 2)

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (son of Drupada)

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - a great charioteer, a warrior capable of fighting many foes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great charioteer, a mighty warrior

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: epithet for Dhṛṣṭadyumna