महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-41, verse-3

तमेतेऽनु निवर्तन्ते धृष्टद्युम्नपुरोगमाः ।
पाञ्चालानां सृञ्जयानां पाण्डवानां च यन्मुखम् ।
निवृत्तैश्च तथा पार्थैर्भग्नं शत्रुबलं महत् ॥३॥

3. tamete'nu nivartante dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogamāḥ ,
pāñcālānāṁ sṛñjayānāṁ pāṇḍavānāṁ ca yanmukham ,
nivṛttaiśca tathā pārthairbhagnaṁ śatrubalaṁ mahat.

3. tam ete anu nivartante dhṛṣṭadyumnapurrogamāḥ
pāñcālānām sṛñjayānām
pāṇḍavānām ca yat mukham nivṛttaiḥ ca
tathā pārthaiḥ bhagnam śatrubalam mahat

3. dhṛṣṭadyumnapurrogamāḥ ete pāñcālānām sṛñjayānām pāṇḍavānām ca yat mukham,
tam (bhīmam) anu nivartante.
tathā nivṛttaiḥ pārthaiḥ ca mahat śatrubalam bhagnam.

3. These [warriors], led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna, follow him (Bhīma) and return, forming the vanguard of the Pāñcālas, Sṛñjayas, and Pāṇḍavas. And similarly, by these returning Pārthas, the great enemy force was shattered.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Bhīma from the previous verse) (him, that)

• एते (ete) - these (warriors, referring to the allied forces) (these, they)

• अनु (anu) - after (following) (after, along, towards, similar to)

• निवर्तन्ते (nivartante) - they are returning, turning back (they return, turn back)

• धृष्टद्युम्नपुर्रोगमाः (dhṛṣṭadyumnapurrogamāḥ) - led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna, with Dhṛṣṭadyumna at the front (having Dhṛṣṭadyumna as their leader/foremost)

• पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - of the Pāñcāla warriors (of the Pāñcālas)

• सृञ्जयानाम् (sṛñjayānām) - of the Sṛñjaya warriors (allies of the Pāṇḍavas) (of the Sṛñjayas)

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍava warriors (of the Pāṇḍavas)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• यत् (yat) - which (relative pronoun) (which, who, what)

• मुखम् (mukham) - vanguard, front part of the army (face, mouth, front, chief part, vanguard)

• निवृत्तैः (nivṛttaiḥ) - by those who returned (i.e., the Pārthas) (by the turned back, by the returned)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, in that manner (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)

• पार्थैः (pārthaiḥ) - by the Pārthas (Arjuna and the other sons of Kuntī) (by the sons of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

• भग्नम् (bhagnam) - shattered, utterly defeated (broken, shattered, destroyed)

• शत्रुबलम् (śatrubalam) - the enemy army (enemy army/force)

• महत् (mahat) - great, mighty (great, large, mighty)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Bhīma from the previous verse) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhīma.

एते (ete) - these (warriors, referring to the allied forces) (these, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the allied Pāṇḍava forces.

अनु (anu) - after (following) (after, along, towards, similar to)

(indeclinable)

Note: Here, functions as an adverbial particle with 'nivartante'.

निवर्तन्ते (nivartante) - they are returning, turning back (they return, turn back)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of nivṛt

From ni + √vṛt (to turn)

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Middle voice for turning oneself back.

धृष्टद्युम्नपुर्रोगमाः (dhṛṣṭadyumnapurrogamāḥ) - led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna, with Dhṛṣṭadyumna at the front (having Dhṛṣṭadyumna as their leader/foremost)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhṛṣṭadyumnapurrogama

dhṛṣṭadyumnapurrogama - having Dhṛṣṭadyumna as their leader, led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛṣṭadyumna+purrogama)

• dhṛṣṭadyumna – Dhṛṣṭadyumna (a proper name, son of Drupada, general of Pāṇḍava army)
  proper noun (masculine)
• purrogama – going before, leading, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  From puras (before) + gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'ete'.

पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - of the Pāñcāla warriors (of the Pāñcālas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - belonging to the Pāñcāla country; a king/inhabitant of Pāñcāla

Note: Indicates possession or belonging.

सृञ्जयानाम् (sṛñjayānām) - of the Sṛñjaya warriors (allies of the Pāṇḍavas) (of the Sṛñjayas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sṛñjaya

sṛñjaya - a member of the Sṛñjaya tribe or clan (allies of the Pāṇḍavas)

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍava warriors (of the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu; a Pāṇḍava

Derived from Pāṇḍu + aṇ (patronymic suffix)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - which (relative pronoun) (which, who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whoever, whatever

Note: Refers to 'mukham'.

मुखम् (mukham) - vanguard, front part of the army (face, mouth, front, chief part, vanguard)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - face, mouth, front, beginning, chief part, vanguard

Note: Describes the group led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna.

निवृत्तैः (nivṛttaiḥ) - by those who returned (i.e., the Pārthas) (by the turned back, by the returned)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - turned back, returned, ceased, retreated (or re-engaged)

past passive participle

From ni + √vṛt (to turn) + kta

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Modifies Pārthaiḥ.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, in that manner (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)

(indeclinable)

पार्थैः (pārthaiḥ) - by the Pārthas (Arjuna and the other sons of Kuntī) (by the sons of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā + aṇ (patronymic suffix)

भग्नम् (bhagnam) - shattered, utterly defeated (broken, shattered, destroyed)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, defeated, frustrated

past passive participle

From √bhañj (to break) + kta

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Modifies śatrubalam.

शत्रुबलम् (śatrubalam) - the enemy army (enemy army/force)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śatrubala

śatrubala - enemy force, hostile army

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śatru+bala)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• bala – strength, power, force, army
  noun (neuter)

महत् (mahat) - great, mighty (great, large, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, extensive

Note: Modifies śatrubalam.