महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-41, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
त्वरमाणः पुनः कृष्णः पार्थमभ्यवदच्छनैः ।
पश्य कौरव्य राजानमपयातांश्च पाण्डवान् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tvaramāṇaḥ punaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ pārthamabhyavadacchanaiḥ ,
paśya kauravya rājānamapayātāṁśca pāṇḍavān.

1. saṃjaya uvāca tvaramāṇaḥ punaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ pārtham abhyavadat
śanaiḥ paśya kauravya rājānam apayātān ca pāṇḍavān

1. saṃjaya uvāca: punaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ tvaramāṇaḥ śanaiḥ pārtham abhyavadat.
kauravya,
rājānam apayātān pāṇḍavān ca paśya.

1. Sañjaya said: Then Kṛṣṇa, in haste, spoke gently to Pārtha (Arjuna). (Sañjaya continued, addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra): 'O scion of Kuru, behold King [Duryodhana] and the Pāṇḍavas, who have retreated!'

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya, the narrator of the Mahābhārata to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Sañjaya (the charioteer and storyteller))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - quickly, in haste (hurrying, hastening, being in a hurry)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - then, again (again, moreover, but, then)

• कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Lord Kṛṣṇa, charioteer of Arjuna (Kṛṣṇa, dark, black)

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna, son of Kuntī (son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

• अभ्यवदत् (abhyavadat) - addressed, spoke to (spoke to, addressed)

• शनैः (śanaiḥ) - gently, softly (slowly, gently, softly, gradually)

• पश्य (paśya) - behold, observe (see, behold, look)

• कौरव्य (kauravya) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (as a descendant of Kuru) (descendant of Kuru)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - King Duryodhana (king, ruler)

• अपयातान् (apayātān) - those who have retreated, the retreating ones (having gone away, retreated, departed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas (descendants of Pāṇḍu)

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya, the narrator of the Mahābhārata to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Sañjaya (the charioteer and storyteller))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - victorious; a specific proper name (Vyāsa's disciple, charioteer of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - quickly, in haste (hurrying, hastening, being in a hurry)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvaramāṇa

tvaramāṇa - hurrying, hastening

present active participle (middle voice)

From √tvar (to hurry) + śānac

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Modifies Kṛṣṇa.

पुनः (punaḥ) - then, again (again, moreover, but, then)

(indeclinable)

कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Lord Kṛṣṇa, charioteer of Arjuna (Kṛṣṇa, dark, black)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - dark, black; a proper name (Kṛṣṇa)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna, son of Kuntī (son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā + aṇ (patronymic suffix)

अभ्यवदत् (abhyavadat) - addressed, spoke to (spoke to, addressed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhyavad

From abhi + ava + √vad (to speak)

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vad (class 1)

शनैः (śanaiḥ) - gently, softly (slowly, gently, softly, gradually)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental plural of śana (slow) used as an adverb.

Note: Used adverbially.

पश्य (paśya) - behold, observe (see, behold, look)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Root dṛś takes paśya as a stem in present tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Addressed by Sañjaya to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

कौरव्य (kauravya) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (as a descendant of Kuru) (descendant of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kauravya

kauravya - descendant of Kuru; a Kuru

Derived from Kuru + ya (patronymic suffix)

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

राजानम् (rājānam) - King Duryodhana (king, ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

अपयातान् (apayātān) - those who have retreated, the retreating ones (having gone away, retreated, departed)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of apayāta

apayāta - gone away, retreated, departed, escaped

past passive participle

From apa + √yā (to go) + kta

Prefix: apa

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Modifies Pāṇḍavas.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas (descendants of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu; a Pāṇḍava

Derived from Pāṇḍu + aṇ (patronymic suffix)