महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-68, verse-8

न जायते जनित्र्यां यदजस्तस्मादनीकजित् ।
देवानां स्वप्रकाशत्वाद्दमाद्दामोदरं विदुः ॥८॥

8. na jāyate janitryāṁ yadajastasmādanīkajit ,
devānāṁ svaprakāśatvāddamāddāmodaraṁ viduḥ.

8. na jāyate janitryām yat ajaḥ tasmāt anīkajit
devānām svaprakāśatvāt damāt dāmodaram viduḥ

8. Because He is unborn (aja) and is not born from any mother, He is the conqueror of armies (anīkajit). They know Him as Dāmodara because of the self-illumination (svaprakāśatva) of the gods and because of His own self-restraint (dama).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, nor, neither

• जायते (jāyate) - is born, comes into being, originates

• जनित्र्याम् (janitryām) - in any mother or origin (in the mother, in the producer, in the cause)

• यत् (yat) - because (because, since, which, that)

• अजः (ajaḥ) - unborn (aja) (unborn, not born, a goat)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, for that reason)

• अनीकजित् (anīkajit) - conqueror of armies (anīkajit) (conqueror of armies)

• देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

• स्वप्रकाशत्वात् (svaprakāśatvāt) - because of self-illumination (svaprakāśatva) (because of self-illumination, due to self-luminosity)

• दमात् (damāt) - from (his own) self-restraint (dama) (from self-restraint, from control, from subduing)

• दामोदरम् (dāmodaram) - Dāmodara (name of Vishnu/Krishna)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know (him as) (they know, they understand)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, nor, neither

(indeclinable)

जायते (jāyate) - is born, comes into being, originates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

present passive/middle

4th class, Ātmanepada, present tense, 3rd person singular

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: The verb 'jan' in the 4th class takes 'ya' infix in present. Here it's middle voice.

जनित्र्याम् (janitryām) - in any mother or origin (in the mother, in the producer, in the cause)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of janitrī

janitrī - mother, producer, generator

यत् (yat) - because (because, since, which, that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Also can be a relative pronoun, but here functioning as a conjunction.

अजः (ajaḥ) - unborn (aja) (unborn, not born, a goat)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aja

aja - unborn, not born; a goat; Brahma; Vishnu; Shiva; Kama

Derived from 'a' (not) and 'ja' (born).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ja)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• ja – born, produced
  adjective
  derived from root jan
  suffix 'ḍa' after root jan
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to the supreme being who is never born.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, for that reason)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used here as an adverbial phrase meaning 'therefore'.

अनीकजित् (anīkajit) - conqueror of armies (anīkajit) (conqueror of armies)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anīkajit

anīkajit - victorious in battle, conqueror of armies

Compound of 'anīka' (army) and 'jit' (conqueror).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (anīka+jit)

• anīka – army, host, battle-array, face
  noun (neuter)
• jit – conqueror, victor
  noun (masculine)
  From root √ji (to conquer) with suffix 'kvip'.
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: The final 't' is a result of sandhi rules, the base is 'jit'.

देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

स्वप्रकाशत्वात् (svaprakāśatvāt) - because of self-illumination (svaprakāśatva) (because of self-illumination, due to self-luminosity)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of svaprakāśatva

svaprakāśatva - self-illumination, self-luminosity, self-radiance

Compound of 'sva' (own), 'prakāśa' (light/illumination) and suffix '-tva' (state/nature).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sva+prakāśatva)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun
• prakāśatva – luminosity, radiance, manifestation
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'prakāśa' (light) with suffix '-tva'.

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'because of'.

दमात् (damāt) - from (his own) self-restraint (dama) (from self-restraint, from control, from subduing)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-restraint, self-control, subduing

From root √dam (to tame, to control).

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'because of'.

दामोदरम् (dāmodaram) - Dāmodara (name of Vishnu/Krishna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dāmodara

dāmodara - Dāmodara (name of Vishnu/Krishna); one whose belly is tied with a rope (dāma + udara); one whose inner being is controlled by self-restraint (dama + udara, interpreted philosophically)

Note: The verse provides an esoteric etymology, deviating from the common 'rope around the belly'.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know (him as) (they know, they understand)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vid

perfect (liṭ) 3rd person plural

From root √vid (class 2) in perfect tense (liṭ), 3rd person plural.

Root: vid (class 2)