महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-10, verse-4

सर्वानपृच्छच्च समीपचारिणः कुतोऽयमायाति न मे पुरा श्रुतः ।
न चैनमूचुर्विदितं तदा नराः सविस्मितं वाक्यमिदं नृपोऽब्रवीत् ॥४॥

4. sarvānapṛcchacca samīpacāriṇaḥ; kuto'yamāyāti na me purā śrutaḥ ,
na cainamūcurviditaṁ tadā narāḥ; savismitaṁ vākyamidaṁ nṛpo'bravīt.

4. sarvān apṛcchat ca samīpacāriṇaḥ
kutaḥ ayam āyāti na me purā śrutaḥ |
na ca enam ūcuḥ viditam tadā narāḥ
savismitam vākyam idam nṛpaḥ abravīt

4. (The king) asked all those nearby, "From where does this person come? I have not heard of him before." And the men then could not tell him what was known. Highly astonished, the king then uttered this statement.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all the attendants (all, everyone)

• अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - asked, questioned

• च (ca) - and

• समीपचारिणः (samīpacāriṇaḥ) - those moving nearby, attendants

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where, whence

• अयम् (ayam) - this man (referring to Arjuna) (this, this person)

• आयाति (āyāti) - comes, arrives

• न (na) - not

• मे (me) - by me, to me

• पुरा (purā) - before, formerly, in ancient times

• श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - heard of (by me) (heard, renowned)

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and

• एनम् (enam) - him (Arjuna) (him, this (person))

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said, they told

• विदितम् (viditam) - what was known (to them) (known, understood)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• नराः (narāḥ) - the men (attendants) present (men, people)

• सविस्मितम् (savismitam) - with astonishment, astonished

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, word, speech

• इदम् (idam) - this, this (statement)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - King Virāṭa (king, ruler)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all the attendants (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - asked, questioned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of pṛcch

Imperfect tense, active voice.

Root: pracch (class 6)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

समीपचारिणः (samīpacāriṇaḥ) - those moving nearby, attendants

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of samīpacārin

samīpacārin - one who moves near, an attendant, a bystander

Compound type : tatpurusha (samīpa+cārin)

• samīpa – near, vicinity, proximity
  noun (neuter)
• cārin – moving, going, behaving
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root car 'to move, walk'
  Root: car (class 1)

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where, whence

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this man (referring to Arjuna) (this, this person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

आयाति (āyāti) - comes, arrives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of āyā

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - by me, to me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my

Note: Used here as agent for the past passive participle 'śrutaḥ'.

पुरा (purā) - before, formerly, in ancient times

(indeclinable)

श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - heard of (by me) (heard, renowned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, known (by tradition), famous

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śru 'to hear'

Root: śru (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him (Arjuna) (him, this (person))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, he, she, it

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said, they told

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

विदितम् (viditam) - what was known (to them) (known, understood)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vidita

vidita - known, understood, perceived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vid 'to know'

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Used as a noun: 'the known thing'

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

नराः (narāḥ) - the men (attendants) present (men, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, male, human

सविस्मितम् (savismitam) - with astonishment, astonished

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of savismita

savismita - astonished, amazed, with wonder

Compound type : avyayībhāva (sa+vismita)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• vismita – astonished, amazed, wondering
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root smi 'to smile' with upasarga vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially to modify the verb 'abravīt'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

इदम् (idam) - this, this (statement)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - King Virāṭa (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, active voice.

Root: brū (class 2)