महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-114, verse-9

प्रत्याख्याने च दाने च सुखदुःखे प्रियाप्रिये ।
आत्मौपम्येन पुरुषः समाधिमधिगच्छति ॥९॥

9. pratyākhyāne ca dāne ca sukhaduḥkhe priyāpriye ,
ātmaupamyena puruṣaḥ samādhimadhigacchati.

9. pratyākhyāne ca dāne ca sukha-duḥkhe priya-apriye
ātma-aupamyena pūruṣaḥ samādhim adhigacchati

9. pūruṣaḥ pratyākhyāne ca dāne ca,
sukha-duḥkhe,
priya-apriye (ca),
ātma-aupamyena samādhim adhigacchati

9. A person attains profound contemplation (samādhi) by the measure of oneself, regarding both refusal and giving, happiness and sorrow, and what is dear and not dear.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रत्याख्याने (pratyākhyāne) - in refusal, in rejection

• च (ca) - and, also

• दाने (dāne) - in giving, in donation

• च (ca) - and, also

• सुख-दुःखे (sukha-duḥkhe) - in situations of happiness and sorrow (in happiness and sorrow, in pleasures and pains)

• प्रिय-अप्रिये (priya-apriye) - in situations of what is pleasant and unpleasant (in what is dear and not dear, in pleasant and unpleasant things)

• आत्म-औपम्येन (ātma-aupamyena) - by self-comparison, by considering oneself as the measure

• पूरुषः (pūruṣaḥ) - human being (man, person, human being, cosmic person (puruṣa))

• समाधिम् (samādhim) - perfect concentration, profound contemplation (samādhi)

• अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - attains, comprehends, reaches

Words meanings and morphology

प्रत्याख्याने (pratyākhyāne) - in refusal, in rejection

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pratyākhyāna

pratyākhyāna - rejection, refusal, denial, repudiation

Derived from 'khyā' (to tell) with prefixes 'prati' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Refers to the act of refusing.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

दाने (dāne) - in giving, in donation

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, donation, gift (dāna)

Derived from root 'dā' (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Refers to the act of giving.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

सुख-दुःखे (sukha-duḥkhe) - in situations of happiness and sorrow (in happiness and sorrow, in pleasures and pains)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, dual of sukha-duḥkha

sukha-duḥkha - happiness and sorrow, pleasure and pain

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – happiness, joy, pleasure, ease
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to dualities.

प्रिय-अप्रिये (priya-apriye) - in situations of what is pleasant and unpleasant (in what is dear and not dear, in pleasant and unpleasant things)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, dual of priya-apriya

priya-apriya - dear and not dear, pleasant and unpleasant, liked and disliked

Compound type : dvandva (priya+apriya)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable
  adjective (neuter)
• apriya – unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked, not dear
  adjective (neuter)
  Negative compound 'a' (not) + 'priya'
  Prefix: a

Note: Refers to pairs of opposites.

आत्म-औपम्येन (ātma-aupamyena) - by self-comparison, by considering oneself as the measure

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ātma-aupamya

ātma-aupamya - self-comparison, comparison with oneself, treating others like oneself

Derived from 'ātman' (self) and 'upamā' (comparison).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ātman+aupamya)

• ātman – self, soul, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• aupamya – analogy, comparison, resemblance
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'upamā' (comparison)

Note: Indicates the means or instrument.

पूरुषः (pūruṣaḥ) - human being (man, person, human being, cosmic person (puruṣa))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūruṣa

pūruṣa - man, person, human being, spirit, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: Subject of 'adhigacchati'.

समाधिम् (samādhim) - perfect concentration, profound contemplation (samādhi)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samādhi

samādhi - concentration, meditation, profound contemplation, absorption (samādhi)

Derived from root 'dhā' (to place) with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā'

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of 'adhigacchati'.

अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - attains, comprehends, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present Active

Root 'gam' (to go), Pāṇinian Class 1, present tense, third person singular, with prefix 'adhi'

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)