महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-114, verse-8

न तत्परस्य संदद्यात्प्रतिकूलं यदात्मनः ।
एष संक्षेपतो धर्मः कामादन्यः प्रवर्तते ॥८॥

8. na tatparasya saṁdadyātpratikūlaṁ yadātmanaḥ ,
eṣa saṁkṣepato dharmaḥ kāmādanyaḥ pravartate.

8. na tat parasya saṃdadyāt pratikūlam yat ātmanaḥ
eṣa saṃkṣepataḥ dharmaḥ kāmāt anyaḥ pravartate

8. yat ātmanaḥ pratikūlam,
tat parasya na saṃdadyāt.
eṣa saṃkṣepataḥ dharmaḥ; anyaḥ kāmāt pravartate.

8. One should not inflict upon another that which is unfavorable to oneself. This, in brief, is the natural law (dharma); anything else proceeds from desire.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• तत् (tat) - that

• परस्य (parasya) - to another (person) (of another, to another)

• संदद्यात् (saṁdadyāt) - one should inflict or do (one should give, one should apply, one should do)

• प्रतिकूलम् (pratikūlam) - that which is adverse or unfavorable (unfavorable, adverse, disagreeable)

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, to oneself

• एष (eṣa) - this, this one

• संक्षेपतः (saṁkṣepataḥ) - in brief, concisely

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma)

• कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - anything else (other, another)

• प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - proceeds, originates, engages

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the action or thing.

परस्य (parasya) - to another (person) (of another, to another)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, supreme, distant

Note: Used in a dative sense, meaning 'to another' or 'for another'.

संदद्यात् (saṁdadyāt) - one should inflict or do (one should give, one should apply, one should do)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of dā

Optative Active

Root 'dā' (to give), Pāṇinian Class 3, optative mood, third person singular, with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Expresses a recommendation or obligation.

प्रतिकूलम् (pratikūlam) - that which is adverse or unfavorable (unfavorable, adverse, disagreeable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pratikūla

pratikūla - contrary, adverse, unfavorable, disagreeable

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+kūla)

• prati – against, towards, in return
  indeclinable
  Prefix/preposition
• kūla – bank, shore, pleasant
  noun (neuter)

Note: Functions as the object of 'saṃdadyāt'.

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to 'pratikūlam'.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, to oneself

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)

Note: Refers to one's own self; functions adverbially here, 'to oneself'.

एष (eṣa) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

संक्षेपतः (saṁkṣepataḥ) - in brief, concisely

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'saṃkṣepa' (summary) with suffix '-tas'

Note: Adverb.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, religious merit (dharma)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject.

कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, sensual pleasure, love

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Indicates source or cause.

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - anything else (other, another)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Subject of 'pravartate'.

प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - proceeds, originates, engages

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present Middle

Root 'vṛt' (to turn, exist), Pāṇinian Class 1, present tense, third person singular, ātmanepada, with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)