महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-32, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तूष्णींभूतं तु राजानं शोचमानं युधिष्ठिरम् ।
तपस्वी धर्मतत्त्वज्ञः कृष्णद्वैपायनोऽब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tūṣṇīṁbhūtaṁ tu rājānaṁ śocamānaṁ yudhiṣṭhiram ,
tapasvī dharmatattvajñaḥ kṛṣṇadvaipāyano'bravīt.

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca tūṣṇīṃbhūtaṃ tu rājānaṃ śocamānaṃ yudhiṣṭhiram
tapasvī dharma-tattva-jñaḥ kṛṣṇa-dvaipāyanaḥ abravīt

1. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca,
tu tapasvī dharma-tattva-jñaḥ kṛṣṇa-dvaipāyanaḥ tūṣṇīṃbhūtaṃ śocamānaṃ rājānaṃ yudhiṣṭhiram abravīt

1. Vaiśampāyana said, - Then the luminary Kṛṣṇa-Dvaipāyana, who knew the truth of dharma, spoke to King Yudhiṣṭhira, who was sitting silently and grieving.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - the sage Vaiśampāyana (narrator) (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• तूष्णींभूतम् (tūṣṇīṁbhūtam) - becoming silent, silent

• तु (tu) - then (but, and, then)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - king

• शोचमानम् (śocamānam) - grieving, lamenting

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• तपस्वी (tapasvī) - luminary (luminary, ascetic, one rich in spiritual energy)

• धर्म-तत्त्व-ज्ञः (dharma-tattva-jñaḥ) - who knew the truth of dharma (knowing the truth of dharma, knowing the essential nature of righteousness)

• कृष्ण-द्वैपायनः (kṛṣṇa-dvaipāyanaḥ) - the sage Vyāsa (Kṛṣṇa-Dvaipāyana)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - the sage Vaiśampāyana (narrator) (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of an ancient sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तूष्णींभूतम् (tūṣṇīṁbhūtam) - becoming silent, silent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tūṣṇīṃbhūta

tūṣṇīṁbhūta - silent, quiet

Past Passive Participle

From tūṣṇīm (indeclinable meaning silently) + bhū (to become)

Compound type : tatpurusha (tūṣṇīm+bhūta)

• tūṣṇīm – silently
  indeclinable
• bhūta – become, happened
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū
  Root: bhū (class 1)

तु (tu) - then (but, and, then)

(indeclinable)

राजानम् (rājānam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

शोचमानम् (śocamānam) - grieving, lamenting

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śoc

śoc - to grieve, to lament

Present Active Participle

From root śuc with ātmanepada present participle suffix

Root: śuc (class 1)

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava prince)

तपस्वी (tapasvī) - luminary (luminary, ascetic, one rich in spiritual energy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, luminary, shining with spiritual splendour

Derived from tapas with matup suffix

धर्म-तत्त्व-ज्ञः (dharma-tattva-jñaḥ) - who knew the truth of dharma (knowing the truth of dharma, knowing the essential nature of righteousness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma-tattva-jña

dharma-tattva-jña - knowing the truth of dharma

Compound of dharma, tattva, and jña

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+tattva+jña)

• dharma – dharma, righteousness, natural law
  noun (masculine)
• tattva – truth, reality, essential nature
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knowing, one who knows
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jñā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

कृष्ण-द्वैपायनः (kṛṣṇa-dvaipāyanaḥ) - the sage Vyāsa (Kṛṣṇa-Dvaipāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa-dvaipāyana

kṛṣṇa-dvaipāyana - Kṛṣṇa-Dvaipāyana (epithet of sage Vyāsa)

Compound of kṛṣṇa and dvaipāyana

Compound type : karmadharaya (kṛṣṇa+dvaipāyana)

• kṛṣṇa – dark, Krishna
  proper noun (masculine)
• dvaipāyana – Dvaipāyana (island-born)
  proper noun (masculine)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

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