महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-6, verse-4

विदुर उवाच ।
उपमानमिदं राजन्मोक्षविद्भिरुदाहृतम् ।
सुगतिं विन्दते येन परलोकेषु मानवः ॥४॥

4. vidura uvāca ,
upamānamidaṁ rājanmokṣavidbhirudāhṛtam ,
sugatiṁ vindate yena paralokeṣu mānavaḥ.

4. vidura uvāca | upamānam idam rājan mokṣavidbhiḥ
udāhṛtam | sugatim vindate yena paralokeṣu mānavaḥ

4. rājan vidura uvāca idam upamānam mokṣavidbhiḥ
udāhṛtam yena mānavaḥ paralokeṣu sugatim vindate

4. Vidura said: O King, this analogy has been declared by those who understand liberation (mokṣa), by which a human being attains a favorable state in the other worlds.

Words meanings summery:

• विदुर (vidura) - Vidura (a wise minister in the Mahābhārata) (Vidura)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (Vidura said) (said, spoke)

• उपमानम् (upamānam) - this analogy (simile, analogy, comparison)

• इदम् (idam) - this (analogy) (this)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

• मोक्षविद्भिः (mokṣavidbhiḥ) - by those who understand liberation (mokṣa) (by those who know liberation, by experts in liberation)

• उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - has been declared (declared, stated, spoken, cited)

• सुगतिम् (sugatim) - a favorable state (good destination, favorable state, happy course)

• विन्दते (vindate) - attains (obtains, finds, gets)

• येन (yena) - by which (by which, by whom)

• परलोकेषु (paralokeṣu) - in the other worlds (in other worlds, in the next worlds)

• मानवः (mānavaḥ) - a human being (human, human being, man)

Words meanings and morphology

विदुर (vidura) - Vidura (a wise minister in the Mahābhārata) (Vidura)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (name of a character in the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (Vidura said) (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative

Third person singular, perfect tense, active voice, parasmaipada. Root vac (to speak), undergoes saṃprasāraṇa (v -> u) in perfect.

Root: vac (class 2)

उपमानम् (upamānam) - this analogy (simile, analogy, comparison)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upamāna

upamāna - simile, analogy, comparison, similarity

From upa (near) + mā (to measure, compare) + ana suffix.

Prefix: upa

Root: mā (class 3)

Note: Also accusative singular neuter.

इदम् (idam) - this (analogy) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with upamānam.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Masculine n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

मोक्षविद्भिः (mokṣavidbhiḥ) - by those who understand liberation (mokṣa) (by those who know liberation, by experts in liberation)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mokṣavid

mokṣavid - one who knows liberation (mokṣa), expert in liberation

Compound.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mokṣa+vid)

• mokṣa – liberation, release, emancipation, salvation
  noun (masculine)
  From root muc (to free, release) with sa suffix.
  Root: muc (class 6)
• vid – knower, wise person, learned
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Expresses agency with passive verb udāhṛtam.

उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - has been declared (declared, stated, spoken, cited)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udāhṛta

udāhṛta - declared, spoken, cited, mentioned

Past Passive Participle

From root hṛ (to carry, bring) with prefixes ud (up) and ā (towards).

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

सुगतिम् (sugatim) - a favorable state (good destination, favorable state, happy course)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sugati

sugati - good destination, favorable state, happy course, salvation

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+gati)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Indeclinable prefix indicating excellence or ease.
• gati – going, movement, course, path, destination, state
  noun (feminine)
  From root gam (to go) + ti suffix.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of vindate.

विन्दते (vindate) - attains (obtains, finds, gets)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vid

present middle indicative

Third person singular, present tense, middle voice, ātmanepada. Root vid (to find/obtain), 7th class verb.

Root: vid (class 7)

येन (yena) - by which (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Relative pronoun.

परलोकेषु (paralokeṣu) - in the other worlds (in other worlds, in the next worlds)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of paraloka

paraloka - other world, next world, future life

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+loka)

• para – other, subsequent, supreme, distant
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• loka – world, realm, people, space
  noun (masculine)
  From root lok (to see) + a suffix.
  Root: lok (class 1)

मानवः (mānavaḥ) - a human being (human, human being, man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānava

mānava - human, descendant of Manu, man

Derived from manu (Manu) + a suffix (Pāṇini 4.1.161).

Note: Subject of vindate.