महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-6, verse-10

ये तु वृक्षं निकृन्तन्ति मूषकाः सततोत्थिताः ।
रात्र्यहानि तु तान्याहुर्भूतानां परिचिन्तकाः ।
ये ते मधुकरास्तत्र कामास्ते परिकीर्तिताः ॥१०॥

10. ye tu vṛkṣaṁ nikṛntanti mūṣakāḥ satatotthitāḥ ,
rātryahāni tu tānyāhurbhūtānāṁ paricintakāḥ ,
ye te madhukarāstatra kāmāste parikīrtitāḥ.

10. ye tu vṛkṣam nikṛntanti mūṣakāḥ
satatotthitāḥ rātryahāni tu tāni āhuḥ
bhūtānām paricintakāḥ ye te
madhukarāḥ tatra kāmāḥ te parikīrtitāḥ

10. ye satatotthitāḥ mūṣakāḥ tu vṛkṣam nikṛntanti,
tāni (tāḥ) tu bhūtānām paricintakāḥ rātryahāni āhuḥ.
ye te madhukarāḥ tatra (santi),
te kāmāḥ parikīrtitāḥ (bhavanti).

10. Those mice, constantly active, which gnaw at the tree, are indeed called nights and days by those who ponder the nature of beings. And those honey-gatherers (madhukara) there are declared to be desires (kāma).

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - Refers to the mice (mūṣakāḥ). (who, which (plural))

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• वृक्षम् (vṛkṣam) - tree

• निकृन्तन्ति (nikṛntanti) - they cut, they gnaw

• मूषकाः (mūṣakāḥ) - mice, rats

• सततोत्थिताः (satatotthitāḥ) - constantly arisen, continuously active

• रात्र्यहानि (rātryahāni) - nights and days

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• तानि (tāni) - Refers to the nights and days (rātryahāni). (them, those)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures

• परिचिन्तकाः (paricintakāḥ) - observers, thinkers, contemplators

• ये (ye) - who, which (plural)

• ते (te) - Refers to the honey-gatherers (madhukarāḥ). (they, those)

• मधुकराः (madhukarāḥ) - honey-gatherers, bees

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• कामाः (kāmāḥ) - desires, wishes

• ते (te) - they, those

• परिकीर्तिताः (parikīrtitāḥ) - declared, proclaimed

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - Refers to the mice (mūṣakāḥ). (who, which (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ya

ya - who, which, what

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

वृक्षम् (vṛkṣam) - tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

निकृन्तन्ति (nikṛntanti) - they cut, they gnaw

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kṛnt

from root kṛnt (to cut)

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛnt (class 6)

Note: The root 'kṛt' becomes 'kṛnt' in the present tense 6th class.

मूषकाः (mūṣakāḥ) - mice, rats

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mūṣaka

mūṣaka - mouse, rat

सततोत्थिताः (satatotthitāḥ) - constantly arisen, continuously active

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of satatotthita

satatotthita - constantly arisen, continuously active/present

Compound type : karmadhāraya (satata+utthita)

• satata – constant, continuous
  adjective (neuter)
• utthita – arisen, standing up, active
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from ud- + sthā (to stand)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: sthā (class 1)

रात्र्यहानि (rātryahāni) - nights and days

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of rātryahan

rātryahan - nights and days

Compound type : dvandva (rātri+ahan)

• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

Note: The 'a' of 'rātri' combines with 'a' of 'ahan' via sandhi.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

तानि (tāni) - Refers to the nights and days (rātryahāni). (them, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Irregular form of root vac (to speak) in perfect tense equivalent usage.

Root: vac (class 2)

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures

(noun)

Genitive, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past, existent

Past Passive Participle

from root bhū (to be, become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

परिचिन्तकाः (paricintakāḥ) - observers, thinkers, contemplators

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paricintaka

paricintaka - contemplator, one who reflects, observer

agent noun

from pari- + cint (to think) + aka suffix

Prefix: pari

Root: cint (class 10)

ये (ye) - who, which (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ya

ya - who, which, what

ते (te) - Refers to the honey-gatherers (madhukarāḥ). (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मधुकराः (madhukarāḥ) - honey-gatherers, bees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of madhukara

madhukara - bee, honey-gatherer (lit. honey-maker)

agent noun

from madhu (honey) + kṛ (to make) + a

Compound type : tatpurusha (madhu+kara)

• madhu – honey, sweet
  noun (neuter)
• kara – maker, doing
  agent noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root kṛ (to make/do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

कामाः (kāmāḥ) - desires, wishes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, pleasure, sensuality

from root kam (to desire)

Root: kam (class 1)

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

परिकीर्तिताः (parikīrtitāḥ) - declared, proclaimed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parikīrtita

parikīrtita - declared, proclaimed, celebrated

Past Passive Participle

from pari- + kīrt (to declare)

Prefix: pari

Root: kīrt (class 10)