भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-30, verse-4
अभिवाद्य मुनींस्तांस्तु सर्वानेव कृताञ्जलिः ।
अपृच्छत्स तपोवृद्धिं सद्भिश्चैवाभिनन्दितः ॥४॥
अपृच्छत्स तपोवृद्धिं सद्भिश्चैवाभिनन्दितः ॥४॥
4. abhivādya munīṁstāṁstu sarvāneva kṛtāñjaliḥ ,
apṛcchatsa tapovṛddhiṁ sadbhiścaivābhinanditaḥ.
apṛcchatsa tapovṛddhiṁ sadbhiścaivābhinanditaḥ.
4.
abhivādya munīn tān tu sarvān eva kṛtāñjaliḥ
apṛcchat saḥ tapovṛddhim sadbhiḥ ca eva abhinanditaḥ
apṛcchat saḥ tapovṛddhim sadbhiḥ ca eva abhinanditaḥ
4.
With folded hands, he bowed to all those sages and inquired about the progress of their austerities (tapas), and he was greeted with respect by the virtuous ones.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - Ugraśravas respectfully saluting the sages (having saluted, having greeted)
- मुनीन् (munīn) - referring to the Brahmin sages in Naimiṣāraṇya (sages, ascetics)
- तान् (tān) - referring to the specific sages present (those)
- तु (tu) - used for emphasis or transition (but, indeed, yet)
- सर्वान् (sarvān) - all of the sages (all, every)
- एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only
- कृताञ्जलिः (kṛtāñjaliḥ) - Ugraśravas performing the traditional gesture of reverence (with folded hands, having made a gesture of respect)
- अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - Ugraśravas asking about the sages' welfare (he asked, he inquired)
- सः (saḥ) - referring to Ugraśravas (he, that)
- तपोवृद्धिम् (tapovṛddhim) - inquiring about the sages' spiritual progress (tapas) and well-being (increase of austerity, progress in asceticism)
- सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - referring to the righteous sages (by the good, by the virtuous)
- च (ca) - and, also
- एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only
- अभिनन्दितः (abhinanditaḥ) - Ugraśravas being respectfully welcomed by the sages (greeted, honored, welcomed)
Words meanings and morphology
अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - Ugraśravas respectfully saluting the sages (having saluted, having greeted)
(indeclinable)
gerund/absolutive
From root vad (to speak) with prefix abhi- and the suffix -ya (after a prefix).
Prefix: abhi
Root: vad (class 1)
मुनीन् (munīn) - referring to the Brahmin sages in Naimiṣāraṇya (sages, ascetics)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of muni
muni - sage, ascetic, inspired person, silent one
Root: man (class 4)
तान् (tān) - referring to the specific sages present (those)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Agrees with munīn.
तु (tu) - used for emphasis or transition (but, indeed, yet)
(indeclinable)
सर्वान् (sarvān) - all of the sages (all, every)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole, entire
Note: Agrees with munīn.
एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only
(indeclinable)
कृताञ्जलिः (kṛtāñjaliḥ) - Ugraśravas performing the traditional gesture of reverence (with folded hands, having made a gesture of respect)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtāñjali
kṛtāñjali - with folded hands, reverent, respectful
Compound of kṛta (done, made) and añjali (folded hands, gesture of reverence).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+añjali)
- kṛta – done, made, performed
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root kṛ (to do, make).
Root: kṛ (class 8) - añjali – folded hands, gesture of reverence
noun (masculine)
From root añj (to anoint, honor).
Root: añj (class 7)
Note: Agrees with saḥ (implied subject).
अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - Ugraśravas asking about the sages' welfare (he asked, he inquired)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of praś
Imperfect tense
3rd person singular, active voice, imperfect tense (laṅ), from root praś/pṛcch (to ask). The initial 'a' is the augment for imperfect tense.
Root: praś (class 6)
सः (saḥ) - referring to Ugraśravas (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Subject of apṛcchat.
तपोवृद्धिम् (tapovṛddhim) - inquiring about the sages' spiritual progress (tapas) and well-being (increase of austerity, progress in asceticism)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of tapovṛddhi
tapovṛddhi - increase of austerity, growth in asceticism, welfare
Compound of tapas (austerity) and vṛddhi (growth, increase).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+vṛddhi)
- tapas – austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor (tapas)
noun (neuter)
Root: tap (class 1) - vṛddhi – growth, increase, prosperity, welfare
noun (feminine)
From root vṛdh (to grow).
Root: vṛdh (class 1)
Note: Object of apṛcchat.
सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - referring to the righteous sages (by the good, by the virtuous)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of sat
sat - good, virtuous, existing, true, real
Present Active Participle
From root as (to be).
Root: as (class 2)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only
(indeclinable)
अभिनन्दितः (abhinanditaḥ) - Ugraśravas being respectfully welcomed by the sages (greeted, honored, welcomed)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of abhinandita
abhinandita - welcomed, greeted, honored, pleased
Past Passive Participle
From root nand (to rejoice, greet) with prefix abhi-.
Prefix: abhi
Root: nand (class 1)
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