वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-42, verse-23

सर्वाश्चाप्सरसो राम भगीरथरथानुगाः ।
गङ्गामन्वगमन्प्रीताः सर्वे जलचराश्च ये ॥२३॥

23. sarvāścāpsaraso rāma bhagīratharathānugāḥ ,
gaṅgāmanvagamanprītāḥ sarve jalacarāśca ye.

23. sarvāḥ ca apsarasaḥ rāma bhagīratharathānugāḥ
gaṅgām anvagaman prītāḥ sarve jalacarāḥ ca ye

23. rāma sarvāḥ ca apsarasaḥ bhagīratharathānugāḥ
prītāḥ gaṅgām anvagaman ye ca sarve jalacarāḥ

23. O Rāma, all the Apsarases, delighted and following Bhagīratha's chariot, accompanied the Gaṅgā, as did all the aquatic creatures.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every (feminine)

• च (ca) - and

• अप्सरसः (apsarasaḥ) - Apsarases (celestial nymphs)

• राम (rāma) - O Rāma

• भगीरथरथानुगाः (bhagīratharathānugāḥ) - following Bhagīratha's chariot

• गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - the Gaṅgā (accusative)

• अन्वगमन् (anvagaman) - they followed

• प्रीताः (prītāḥ) - delighted, pleased

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (masculine)

• जलचराः (jalacarāḥ) - aquatic creatures, those moving in water

• च (ca) - and

• ये (ye) - those who, which (masculine plural)

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Agrees with 'apsarasaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अप्सरसः (apsarasaḥ) - Apsarases (celestial nymphs)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of apsaras

apsaras - Apsaras, a celestial nymph or heavenly dancer

Root: sṛ (class 1)

राम (rāma) - O Rāma

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (a proper name, hero of the Rāmāyaṇa)

Root: ram (class 1)

भगीरथरथानुगाः (bhagīratharathānugāḥ) - following Bhagīratha's chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bhagīratharathānuga

bhagīratharathānuga - following Bhagīratha's chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhagīratha+ratha+anuga)

• bhagīratha – Bhagīratha (king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rath (class 1)
• anuga – following, going after, a follower
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root gam- (to go) with prefix anu-.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - the Gaṅgā (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - the river Gaṅgā (Ganges)

Note: Object of 'anvagaman'.

अन्वगमन् (anvagaman) - they followed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of anu-gam

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Formed from root gam- (to go) with prefix anu-.

प्रीताः (prītāḥ) - delighted, pleased

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prīta

prīta - pleased, glad, satisfied, delighted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root prī- (to please, delight).

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'apsarasaḥ'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Agrees with 'jalacarāḥ'.

जलचराः (jalacarāḥ) - aquatic creatures, those moving in water

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jalacara

jalacara - aquatic, living in water, water-dweller

Compound type : upapada (jala+cara)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• cara – moving, going; one who moves
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root car- (to move).
  Root: car (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - those who, which (masculine plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'jalacarāḥ'.

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