वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-42, verse-16

तच्छंकरशिरोभ्रष्टं भ्रष्टं भूमितले पुनः ।
व्यरोचत तदा तोयं निर्मलं गतकल्मषम् ॥१६॥

16. tacchaṃkaraśirobhraṣṭaṃ bhraṣṭaṃ bhūmitale punaḥ ,
vyarocata tadā toyaṃ nirmalaṃ gatakalmaṣam.

16. tat śaṅkaraśirobhraṣṭam bhraṣṭam bhūmitale
punaḥ vyarocata tadā toyam nirmalam gatakalmaṣam

16. toyam śaṅkaraśirobhraṣṭam bhraṣṭam bhūmitale
punaḥ tadā nirmalam gatakalmaṣam vyarocata

16. That water, having descended from Shiva's head and then fallen again upon the surface of the earth, shone brightly then, pure and freed from all impurities.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (water) (that, that)

• शङ्करशिरोभ्रष्टम् (śaṅkaraśirobhraṣṭam) - fallen from Shiva's head (referring to the water of Ganga) (fallen from Shiva's head)

• भ्रष्टम् (bhraṣṭam) - fallen (from Shiva's head onto the earth) (fallen, descended)

• भूमितले (bhūmitale) - on the surface of the earth (on the surface of the earth, on the ground)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (emphasizing the second fall onto the earth) (again, further, moreover)

• व्यरोचत (vyarocata) - shone brightly (shone, appeared splendid)

• तदा (tadā) - then (at that moment of falling) (then, at that time)

• तोयम् (toyam) - the water (of the Ganga) (water)

• निर्मलम् (nirmalam) - pure (without blemish) (pure, clean, spotless)

• गतकल्मषम् (gatakalmaṣam) - freed from all impurities (specifically, sin or defilement) (freed from impurity, sinless)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (water) (that, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to the water (toyam) mentioned later, or the previously described Ganges.

शङ्करशिरोभ्रष्टम् (śaṅkaraśirobhraṣṭam) - fallen from Shiva's head (referring to the water of Ganga) (fallen from Shiva's head)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śaṅkaraśirobhraṣṭa

śaṅkaraśirobhraṣṭa - fallen from Shiva's head

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from 'Śaṅkara' (Shiva), 'śiras' (head), and 'bhraṣṭa' (fallen, past participle of √bhraṃś).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śaṅkara+śiras+bhraṣṭa)

• śaṅkara – Shiva, one who causes prosperity
  proper noun (masculine)
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)
• bhraṣṭa – fallen, dropped, strayed
  adjective
  Past Passive Particple
  From root √bhraṃś (to fall).
  Root: bhraṃś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'toyam'.

भ्रष्टम् (bhraṣṭam) - fallen (from Shiva's head onto the earth) (fallen, descended)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhraṣṭa

bhraṣṭa - fallen, dropped, strayed

Past Passive Participle

From root √bhraṃś (to fall).

Root: bhraṃś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'toyam', in apposition to 'śaṅkaraśirobhraṣṭam'.

भूमितले (bhūmitale) - on the surface of the earth (on the surface of the earth, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhūmitala

bhūmitala - surface of the earth, ground

Compound of 'bhūmi' (earth) and 'tala' (surface).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūmi+tala)

• bhūmi – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plane, palm, sole
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates location.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (emphasizing the second fall onto the earth) (again, further, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of repetition.

व्यरोचत (vyarocata) - shone brightly (shone, appeared splendid)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of √ruc

Imperfect, middle voice, third person singular, from √ruc, with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: ruc (class 1)

Note: The prefix 'vi' adds emphasis or differentiation, here meaning 'shone forth'.

तदा (tadā) - then (at that moment of falling) (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'tad' (that).

Note: Adverb of time.

तोयम् (toyam) - the water (of the Ganga) (water)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of toya

toya - water

Note: Subject of the sentence.

निर्मलम् (nirmalam) - pure (without blemish) (pure, clean, spotless)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nirmala

nirmala - pure, clean, spotless

Compound of 'nir' (without) and 'mala' (dirt, impurity).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nir+mala)

• nir – without, free from
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• mala – dirt, impurity, stain
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate adjective qualifying 'toyam'.

गतकल्मषम् (gatakalmaṣam) - freed from all impurities (specifically, sin or defilement) (freed from impurity, sinless)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gatakalmaṣa

gatakalmaṣa - freed from impurity/sin

Compound of 'gata' (gone, removed) and 'kalmaṣa' (impurity, sin).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+kalmaṣa)

• gata – gone, departed, reached
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• kalmaṣa – impurity, sin, defect
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate adjective qualifying 'toyam'.