वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-42, verse-19

धूपपापाः पुनस्तेन तोयेनाथ सुभास्वता ।
पुनराकाशमाविश्य स्वांल् लोकान्प्रतिपेदिरे ॥१९॥

19. dhūpapāpāḥ punastena toyenātha subhāsvatā ,
punarākāśamāviśya svāṃl lokānpratipedire.

19. dhūtapāpāḥ punaḥ tena toyena atha subhāsvatā
punaḥ ākāśam āviśya svān lokān pratipedire

19. atha tena subhāsvatā toyena dhūtapāpāḥ
punaḥ ākāśam āviśya svān lokān pratipedire

19. Then, cleansed of their sins by that very radiant water, they again entered the sky and attained their own worlds.

Words meanings summery:

• धूतपापाः (dhūtapāpāḥ) - those whose sins have been washed away (cleansed of sins, purified from evil)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (emphasizing that they got cleansed *again* or did something *again*) (again, moreover)

• तेन (tena) - by that (water) (by that, with that)

• तोयेन (toyena) - by the water (of the Ganga) (by water, with water)

• अथ (atha) - then (indicating a sequence of events) (then, now, moreover)

• सुभास्वता (subhāsvatā) - by the exceedingly brilliant (water) (by the very radiant, by the very shining)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (re-entering the sky) (again, anew)

• आकाशम् (ākāśam) - the celestial regions (the sky, space, ether)

• आविश्य (āviśya) - having re-entered (the sky) (having entered, having penetrated)

• स्वान् (svān) - their respective (worlds) (their own, one's own)

• लोकान् (lokān) - their own celestial realms (worlds, realms, regions)

• प्रतिपेदिरे (pratipedire) - they returned to and attained (their worlds) (they attained, they reached, they went towards)

Words meanings and morphology

धूतपापाः (dhūtapāpāḥ) - those whose sins have been washed away (cleansed of sins, purified from evil)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhūtapāpa

dhūtapāpa - cleansed of sins

Compound of 'dhūta' (shaken off, cleansed, past participle of √dhū) and 'pāpa' (sin).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhūta+pāpa)

• dhūta – shaken off, cleansed, purified
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √dhū (to shake, agitate, cleanse).
  Root: dhū (class 5)
• pāpa – sin, evil, bad deed
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate adjective for the implied subject 'they' (te).

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (emphasizing that they got cleansed *again* or did something *again*) (again, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: It is usually found with 'ca' but here stands alone.

तेन (tena) - by that (water) (by that, with that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Instrumental case, indicating the means.

तोयेन (toyena) - by the water (of the Ganga) (by water, with water)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of toya

toya - water

Note: Instrumental case, indicating the agent of cleansing.

अथ (atha) - then (indicating a sequence of events) (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Used to introduce a new topic or sequence.

Note: Adverb indicating a sequential action.

सुभास्वता (subhāsvatā) - by the exceedingly brilliant (water) (by the very radiant, by the very shining)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of subhāsvat

subhāsvat - very radiant, exceedingly brilliant

Compound of 'su' (good, very) and 'bhāsvat' (shining, radiant, present participle of √bhās).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+bhāsvat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• bhāsvat – shining, radiant, lustrous
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  From root √bhās (to shine).
  Root: bhās (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'toyena'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (re-entering the sky) (again, anew)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'āviśya'.

आकाशम् (ākāśam) - the celestial regions (the sky, space, ether)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, space, ether

Note: Direct object of the absolutive 'āviśya'.

आविश्य (āviśya) - having re-entered (the sky) (having entered, having penetrated)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √viś (to enter) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Absolutive modifying the implied subject 'they'.

स्वान् (svān) - their respective (worlds) (their own, one's own)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sva

sva - own, one's own

Note: Qualifies 'lokān'.

लोकान् (lokān) - their own celestial realms (worlds, realms, regions)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people

Note: Direct object of the verb 'pratipedire'.

प्रतिपेदिरे (pratipedire) - they returned to and attained (their worlds) (they attained, they reached, they went towards)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of √pad

Perfect tense, middle voice, third person plural, from root √pad (to go, attain) with prefix 'prati'.

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)

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