वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-42, verse-1

देवदेवे गते तस्मिन् सो ऽङ्गुष्ठाग्रनिपीडिताम् ।
कृत्वा वसुमतीं राम संवत्सरमुपासत ॥१॥

1. devadeve gate tasmin so'ṅguṣṭhāgranipīḍitām ,
kṛtvā vasumatīṃ rāma saṃvatsaramupāsata.

1. devadeve gate tasmin saḥ aṅguṣṭhāgranipīḍitām
kṛtvā vasumatīm rāma saṃvatsaram upāsata

1. rāma tasmin devadeve gate saḥ aṅguṣṭhāgranipīḍitām
vasumatīm kṛtvā saṃvatsaram upāsata

1. O Rāma, when that lord of gods (Brahmā) had departed, he (Bhagiratha) stood on tiptoe, pressing his thumb to the ground, and practiced austerities (tapas) for a year.

Words meanings summery:

• देवदेवे (devadeve) - to the lord of gods, when the lord of gods

• गते (gate) - when he had gone (having gone, departed)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, to that, when that

• सः (saḥ) - Bhagiratha (he)

• अङ्गुष्ठाग्रनिपीडिताम् (aṅguṣṭhāgranipīḍitām) - describes Vasumatīm (earth) as being pressed down by the tips of Bhagiratha's thumbs as he performs tapas (having the earth pressed down by the tips of the thumbs)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

• वसुमतीम् (vasumatīm) - the earth, the wealthy one

• राम (rāma) - O Rāma

• संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for a year

• उपासत (upāsata) - he practiced austerities (tapas) (he performed austerities, he worshipped)

Words meanings and morphology

देवदेवे (devadeve) - to the lord of gods, when the lord of gods

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of devadeva

devadeva - lord of gods

Compound noun 'deva' (god) + 'deva' (god).

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+deva)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)

गते (gate) - when he had gone (having gone, departed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from the root 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, to that, when that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सः (saḥ) - Bhagiratha (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अङ्गुष्ठाग्रनिपीडिताम् (aṅguṣṭhāgranipīḍitām) - describes Vasumatīm (earth) as being pressed down by the tips of Bhagiratha's thumbs as he performs tapas (having the earth pressed down by the tips of the thumbs)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of aṅguṣṭhāgranipīḍita

aṅguṣṭhāgranipīḍita - pressed down by the tip of the thumb

Past Passive Participle

Compound adjective ending in a past passive participle 'nipīḍita'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (aṅguṣṭha+agra+nipīḍita)

• aṅguṣṭha – thumb, big toe
  noun (masculine)
• agra – tip, point, front, summit
  noun (neuter)
• nipīḍita – pressed down, oppressed, crushed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle from the root 'pīḍ' (to oppress, press) with the prefix 'ni'.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Indeclinable participle formed from the root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with the suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

वसुमतीम् (vasumatīm) - the earth, the wealthy one

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vasumatī

vasumatī - the earth (literally 'rich in wealth'), land

Feminine form of 'vasumat' (wealthy).

राम (rāma) - O Rāma

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (a proper name), pleasing, charming

संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for a year

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year

Note: Accusative case indicating duration of time.

उपासत (upāsata) - he practiced austerities (tapas) (he performed austerities, he worshipped)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of ās

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

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