महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-36, verse-8

तमस्त्वज्ञानजं विद्धि मोहनं सर्वदेहिनाम् ।
प्रमादालस्यनिद्राभिस्तन्निबध्नाति भारत ॥८॥

8. tamastvajñānajaṁ viddhi mohanaṁ sarvadehinām ,
pramādālasyanidrābhistannibadhnāti bhārata.

8. tamaḥ tu ajñānajam viddhi mohanam sarvadehīnām
pramādālasyanidrābhiḥ tat nibadhnāti bhārata

8. bhārata ajñānajam mohanam tamaḥ tu sarvadehīnām
viddhi tat pramādālasyanidrābhiḥ nibadhnāti

8. O Bhārata, know that tamas (darkness or inertia) is born of ignorance (ajñāna) and is the delusion (moha) of all embodied beings. It binds them through heedlessness, laziness, and sleep.

Words meanings summery:

• तमः (tamaḥ) - The quality of inertia (tamas), one of the three guṇas, characterized by ignorance and dullness. (darkness, gloom, ignorance, inertia)

• तु (tu) - Used for emphasis, distinguishing tamas from other qualities. (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• अज्ञानजम् (ajñānajam) - That which originates from spiritual ignorance (ajñāna). (born of ignorance, sprung from nescience)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - Understand and acknowledge the nature of tamas. (know, understand, realize)

• मोहनम् (mohanam) - That which causes delusion or infatuation, a characteristic effect of tamas. (bewildering, deluding, infatuating)

• सर्वदेहीनाम् (sarvadehīnām) - Refers to all creatures who possess a physical body, indicating the universal effect of tamas. (of all embodied beings, of all living creatures)

• प्रमादालस्यनिद्राभिः (pramādālasyanidrābhiḥ) - The specific means or qualities through which tamas binds embodied beings. (by heedlessness, laziness, and sleep)

• तत् (tat) - Refers to 'tamaḥ' (darkness/inertia). (that, it)

• निबध्नाति (nibadhnāti) - The action of tamas in enslaving or attaching beings to certain states. (binds, ties, fetters)

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to Arjuna, as a member of the Bharata lineage. (O descendant of Bharata, O Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

तमः (tamaḥ) - The quality of inertia (tamas), one of the three guṇas, characterized by ignorance and dullness. (darkness, gloom, ignorance, inertia)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia, dullness, gloom

तु (tu) - Used for emphasis, distinguishing tamas from other qualities. (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

अज्ञानजम् (ajñānajam) - That which originates from spiritual ignorance (ajñāna). (born of ignorance, sprung from nescience)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ajñānaja

ajñānaja - born of ignorance, sprung from nescience

Compound formed from 'ajñāna' and 'ja' (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ajñāna+ja)

• ajñāna – ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance
  noun (neuter)
  From 'a' (not) and 'jñāna' (knowledge).
  Prefix: a
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix indicating 'born of' or 'produced from'.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'tamaḥ'.

विद्धि (viddhi) - Understand and acknowledge the nature of tamas. (know, understand, realize)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

मोहनम् (mohanam) - That which causes delusion or infatuation, a characteristic effect of tamas. (bewildering, deluding, infatuating)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mohana

mohana - bewildering, infatuating, deluding, causing unconsciousness

From root 'moh' (to be bewildered).

Root: moh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tamaḥ'.

सर्वदेहीनाम् (sarvadehīnām) - Refers to all creatures who possess a physical body, indicating the universal effect of tamas. (of all embodied beings, of all living creatures)

(noun)

Genitive, plural of sarvadehin

sarvadehin - all embodied beings, all living creatures

Compound of 'sarva' (all) and 'dehin' (embodied being).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+dehin)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• dehin – embodied, having a body, a living being
  noun (masculine)
  From 'deha' (body) with suffix 'in'.

प्रमादालस्यनिद्राभिः (pramādālasyanidrābhiḥ) - The specific means or qualities through which tamas binds embodied beings. (by heedlessness, laziness, and sleep)

(noun)

Instrumental, plural of pramādālasyanidrā

pramādālasyanidrā - heedlessness, laziness, and sleep (as a collective)

Dvandva compound of 'pramāda', 'ālasya', and 'nidrā'.

Compound type : dvandva (pramāda+ālasya+nidrā)

• pramāda – heedlessness, carelessness, error, negligence
  noun (masculine)
  From 'pra' + 'mad' (to be intoxicated, negligent).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mad (class 4)
• ālasya – laziness, idleness, sluggishness
  noun (neuter)
  From 'alasa' (lazy).
• nidrā – sleep, slumber
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: drā (class 2)

Note: Forms a compound of the instruments of binding.

तत् (tat) - Refers to 'tamaḥ' (darkness/inertia). (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Refers back to 'tamaḥ'.

निबध्नाति (nibadhnāti) - The action of tamas in enslaving or attaching beings to certain states. (binds, ties, fetters)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bandh

From root 'bandh' with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: bandh (class 9)

भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to Arjuna, as a member of the Bharata lineage. (O descendant of Bharata, O Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, belonging to Bharata, a name for Arjuna