महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-36, verse-7

रजो रागात्मकं विद्धि तृष्णासङ्गसमुद्भवम् ।
तन्निबध्नाति कौन्तेय कर्मसङ्गेन देहिनम् ॥७॥

7. rajo rāgātmakaṁ viddhi tṛṣṇāsaṅgasamudbhavam ,
tannibadhnāti kaunteya karmasaṅgena dehinam.

7. rajaḥ rāgātmakam viddhi tṛṣṇāsaṅgasamudbhavam
tat nibadhnāti kaunteya karmasaṅgena dehinam

7. kaunteya rajaḥ rāgātmakam tṛṣṇāsaṅgasamudbhavam
viddhi tat karmasaṅgena dehinam nibadhnāti

7. Know that passion (rajas) is characterized by desire (rāga) and originates from craving and attachment (saṅga). O son of Kunti, it binds the embodied being (dehin) through attachment (saṅga) to action (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• रजः (rajaḥ) - the quality of passion (rajas) (passion, activity)

• रागात्मकम् (rāgātmakam) - of the nature of desire/passion, characterized by desire

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

• तृष्णासङ्गसमुद्भवम् (tṛṣṇāsaṅgasamudbhavam) - born of craving and attachment, originating from thirst and clinging

• तत् (tat) - that (rajas) (that)

• निबध्नाति (nibadhnāti) - binds, ties down, constrains

• कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O Arjuna (O son of Kunti)

• कर्मसङ्गेन (karmasaṅgena) - by attachment to action, through association with action

• देहिनम् (dehinam) - the individual soul (dehin) (the embodied one, the soul)

Words meanings and morphology

रजः (rajaḥ) - the quality of passion (rajas) (passion, activity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - passion, activity, dust, impurity, energy, desire

Root: raj (class 1)

Note: r-stem noun.

रागात्मकम् (rāgātmakam) - of the nature of desire/passion, characterized by desire

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rāgātmaka

rāgātmaka - of the nature of passion/desire, consisting of passion

Compound of rāga (desire, passion) and ātmaka (having the nature of).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa or bahuvrīhi (rāga+ātmaka)

• rāga – color, dye, passion, affection, desire
  noun (masculine)
  From √rañj (to color, be affected).
  Root: rañj (class 1)
• ātmaka – constituting, having the nature of
  adjective
  From ātman + suffix -ka.

Note: Accusative because it is the object of viddhi (know).

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

imperative

Imperative 2nd person singular of √vid (class 2).

Root: vid (class 2)

तृष्णासङ्गसमुद्भवम् (tṛṣṇāsaṅgasamudbhavam) - born of craving and attachment, originating from thirst and clinging

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tṛṣṇāsaṅgasamudbhava

tṛṣṇāsaṅgasamudbhava - born of craving and attachment

Compound of tṛṣṇā (thirst, craving) + saṅga (attachment) + samudbhava (origin, birth).

Compound type : dvandva then tatpuruṣa or bahuvrīhi (tṛṣṇā+saṅga+samudbhava)

• tṛṣṇā – thirst, craving, desire
  noun (feminine)
  From √tṛṣ (to thirst).
  Root: tṛṣ (class 4)
• saṅga – attachment, association, clinging
  noun (masculine)
  From √sañj (to cling) with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sañj (class 1)
• samudbhava – origin, production, birth, arising
  adjective (masculine)
  From √bhū (to be) with prefixes sam and ut.
  Prefixes: sam+ud
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with rāgātmakam and rajaḥ (as an adjective, here in accusative neuter singular).

तत् (tat) - that (rajas) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of nibadhnāti.

निबध्नाति (nibadhnāti) - binds, ties down, constrains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of nibandh

present indicative

Present 3rd person singular of √bandh with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: bandh (class 9)

कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O Arjuna (O son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti

Patronymic from Kunti.

कर्मसङ्गेन (karmasaṅgena) - by attachment to action, through association with action

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karmasaṅga

karmasaṅga - attachment to action

Compound of karma (action) and saṅga (attachment).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karma+saṅga)

• karma – action, deed, work, ritual action
  noun (neuter)
  From √kṛ (to do, to make) + suffix -man.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• saṅga – attachment, association, contact
  noun (masculine)
  From √sañj (to cling) with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Denotes the means by which rajas binds.

देहिनम् (dehinam) - the individual soul (dehin) (the embodied one, the soul)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dehin

dehin - embodied, existing in a body, soul, individual

Possessive adjective formed from deha + suffix -in.

Note: Object of nibadhnāti.