महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-27, verse-6

संन्यासस्तु महाबाहो दुःखमाप्तुमयोगतः ।
योगयुक्तो मुनिर्ब्रह्म नचिरेणाधिगच्छति ॥६॥

6. saṁnyāsastu mahābāho duḥkhamāptumayogataḥ ,
yogayukto munirbrahma nacireṇādhigacchati.

6. saṃnyāsaḥ tu mahābāho duḥkham āptum ayogataḥ
yogayuktaḥ muniḥ brahma nacireṇa adhigacchati

6. mahābāho,
ayogataḥ saṃnyāsaḥ tu duḥkham āptum [bhavati] yogayuktaḥ muniḥ brahma nacireṇa adhigacchati

6. But, O mighty-armed one, renunciation (saṃnyāsa) is difficult to achieve without the path of action (yoga). A contemplative person (muni) engaged in the path of action (yoga) quickly attains Brahman (brahman).

Words meanings summery:

• संन्यासः (saṁnyāsaḥ) - renunciation, abandonment

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O Arjuna (O mighty-armed one)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - with difficulty (with difficulty, sorrow, pain)

• आप्तुम् (āptum) - to attain, to obtain, to reach

• अयोगतः (ayogataḥ) - without the path of action (yoga) (without yoga, by lack of yoga)

• योगयुक्तः (yogayuktaḥ) - engaged in the path of action (yoga) (engaged in yoga, disciplined in yoga)

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - a sage, a silent one, a contemplative person

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - Brahman (the Absolute Truth, the ultimate reality) (Brahman)

• नचिरेण (nacireṇa) - quickly, without delay, in a short time

• अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - he attains, reaches, comprehends

Words meanings and morphology

संन्यासः (saṁnyāsaḥ) - renunciation, abandonment

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃnyāsa

saṁnyāsa - renunciation, abandonment, asceticism, relinquishment

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O Arjuna (O mighty-armed one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (masculine)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - with difficulty (with difficulty, sorrow, pain)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially, meaning 'with difficulty'.

आप्तुम् (āptum) - to attain, to obtain, to reach

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of āp

Infinitive

Formed with the suffix -tum.

Root: āp (class 5)

अयोगतः (ayogataḥ) - without the path of action (yoga) (without yoga, by lack of yoga)

(indeclinable)

Formed with ablative suffix -taḥ (meaning 'from' or 'because of').

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yoga)

• a – not, non-, un- (negating prefix)
  indeclinable
• yoga – union, spiritual discipline, method, path of action (karma-yoga)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Used adverbially.

योगयुक्तः (yogayuktaḥ) - engaged in the path of action (yoga) (engaged in yoga, disciplined in yoga)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yogayukta

yogayukta - joined with yoga, devoted to yoga, engaged in spiritual discipline (yoga)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yoga+yukta)

• yoga – union, spiritual discipline, method, path of action (karma-yoga)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yuj (class 7)
• yukta – joined, united, engaged, disciplined, connected
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yuj (to join).
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'muniḥ'.

मुनिः (muniḥ) - a sage, a silent one, a contemplative person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, silent one, contemplative person, saint

ब्रह्म (brahma) - Brahman (the Absolute Truth, the ultimate reality) (Brahman)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahman, the Absolute, the ultimate reality, sacred word, Veda

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Final 'n' in the stem 'brahman' is dropped.

नचिरेण (nacireṇa) - quickly, without delay, in a short time

(indeclinable)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+cira)

• na – not, non-, un- (negating prefix)
  indeclinable
• cira – long, lasting a long time
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Functions adverbially, meaning 'in not a long time'.

अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - he attains, reaches, comprehends

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present active indicative

3rd person singular, present tense, active voice, with prefix adhi-.

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)