महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-27, verse-16

ज्ञानेन तु तदज्ञानं येषां नाशितमात्मनः ।
तेषामादित्यवज्ज्ञानं प्रकाशयति तत्परम् ॥१६॥

16. jñānena tu tadajñānaṁ yeṣāṁ nāśitamātmanaḥ ,
teṣāmādityavajjñānaṁ prakāśayati tatparam.

16. jñānena tu tat ajñānam yeṣām nāśitam ātmanaḥ
teṣām ādityavat jñānam prakāśayati tat param

16. tu yeṣām ātmanaḥ tat ajñānam jñānena nāśitam,
teṣām jñānam ādityavat tat param prakāśayati.

16. But for those whose ignorance (ajñāna) is destroyed by knowledge (jñāna) of the self (ātman), their knowledge, like the sun, illuminates the Supreme (Brahman).

Words meanings summery:

• ज्ञानेन (jñānena) - by knowledge, through wisdom

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• तत् (tat) - that

• अज्ञानम् (ajñānam) - ignorance, nescience

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - of whom, whose

• नाशितम् (nāśitam) - destroyed, annihilated

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, by the self

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• आदित्यवत् (ādityavat) - like the sun, sun-like

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom

• प्रकाशयति (prakāśayati) - illuminates, reveals, makes visible

• तत् (tat) - that

• परम् (param) - The Supreme (Brahman) (supreme, highest, ultimate)

Words meanings and morphology

ज्ञानेन (jñānena) - by knowledge, through wisdom

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to spiritual knowledge.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle expressing contrast or emphasis.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the ignorance mentioned in the previous verse.

अज्ञानम् (ajñānam) - ignorance, nescience

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ajñāna

ajñāna - ignorance, nescience, non-knowledge

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñāna)

• a – not, non, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to spiritual ignorance.

येषाम् (yeṣām) - of whom, whose

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yat

yat - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to 'living beings' implied from the previous verse.

नाशितम् (nāśitam) - destroyed, annihilated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nāśita

nāśita - destroyed, ruined, made to perish

Past Passive Participle

Causative from root naś (to perish) or root nāś (to destroy)

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `ajñānam`.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, by the self

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, breath

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Genitive case, indicating possession or relation ('ignorance of the self').

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Corresponds to `yeṣām`.

आदित्यवत् (ādityavat) - like the sun, sun-like

(indeclinable)

`vat` suffix indicating likeness

Note: Adverbial usage.

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to spiritual knowledge.

प्रकाशयति (prakāśayati) - illuminates, reveals, makes visible

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prakāś

Present Active (causative)

3rd person singular, causative from root kāś

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Accusative referring to 'the supreme'.

परम् (param) - The Supreme (Brahman) (supreme, highest, ultimate)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other

Note: Here used substantively to mean the supreme reality/Brahman.