महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-13, verse-4

असत्प्रलापं पारुष्यं पैशुन्यमनृतं तथा ।
चत्वारि वाचा राजेन्द्र न जल्पेन्नानुचिन्तयेत् ॥४॥

4. asatpralāpaṁ pāruṣyaṁ paiśunyamanṛtaṁ tathā ,
catvāri vācā rājendra na jalpennānucintayet.

4. asatpralāpam pāruṣyam paiśunyam anṛtam tathā
catvāri vācā rājendra na jalpet na anucintayet

4. O king of kings, one should neither speak nor even contemplate these four [sins] by speech: idle chatter, harshness, backbiting, and falsehood.

Words meanings summery:

• असत्प्रलापम् (asatpralāpam) - Speech that is false, meaningless, or harmful. (idle chatter, foolish talk, useless speech)

• पारुष्यम् (pāruṣyam) - Harshness in spoken words. (harshness, rudeness, severity (of speech))

• पैशुन्यम् (paiśunyam) - Speaking ill of others, creating discord. (backbiting, slander, malicious gossip)

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - Speaking what is not true. (falsehood, untruth, lie)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that way, similarly

• चत्वारि (catvāri) - four

• वाचा (vācā) - by means of spoken words. (by speech, with speech, by words)

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - A vocative address to Yudhishthira, the intended listener of Bhishma's discourse. (O king of kings, O chief of kings)

• न (na) - not, no

• जल्पेत् (jalpet) - one should speak, one should utter

• न (na) - not, no

• अनुचिन्तयेत् (anucintayet) - one should think, one should contemplate

Words meanings and morphology

असत्प्रलापम् (asatpralāpam) - Speech that is false, meaningless, or harmful. (idle chatter, foolish talk, useless speech)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asatpralāpa

asatpralāpa - idle talk, foolish chatter, useless speech, babbling

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (asat+pralāpa)

• asat – unreal, non-existent, bad, false
  adjective
  Negative particle 'a-' combined with 'sat' (existent, good).
• pralāpa – talk, speech, lamentation, babbling
  noun (masculine)
  From root lap 'to speak' with prefix pra.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: lap (class 1)

Note: One of the four verbal sins.

पारुष्यम् (pāruṣyam) - Harshness in spoken words. (harshness, rudeness, severity (of speech))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāruṣya

pāruṣya - harshness, rudeness, severity, roughness

From paruṣa (harsh, rough) + -ya (nominalizing suffix).

Note: One of the four verbal sins.

पैशुन्यम् (paiśunyam) - Speaking ill of others, creating discord. (backbiting, slander, malicious gossip)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paiśunya

paiśunya - backbiting, slander, mischief-making, tale-bearing

From piśuna (malicious, backbiting) + -ya (nominalizing suffix).

Note: One of the four verbal sins.

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - Speaking what is not true. (falsehood, untruth, lie)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - falsehood, untruth, lie, disorder

Negative of ṛta (truth, cosmic order) by prefix 'an-'.

Compound type : nah_tatpuruṣa (an+ṛta)

• an – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• ṛta – truth, right, cosmic order, divine law
  noun (neuter)

Note: One of the four verbal sins.

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that way, similarly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to connect items in a list, similar to 'and'.

चत्वारि (catvāri) - four

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with an implied 'pāpāni' (sins) or 'karmāṇi' (actions).

वाचा (vācā) - by means of spoken words. (by speech, with speech, by words)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, voice, word, language

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - A vocative address to Yudhishthira, the intended listener of Bhishma's discourse. (O king of kings, O chief of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, king of kings, excellent king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra (name of a deity), chief, best, lord
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the following verb.

जल्पेत् (jalpet) - one should speak, one should utter

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of jalp

optative mood, 3rd person singular

From root jalp, optative mood, active voice.

Root: jalp (class 1)

Note: Prescribes an action, here negated.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the following verb.

अनुचिन्तयेत् (anucintayet) - one should think, one should contemplate

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of anucint

optative mood, 3rd person singular

From root cint 'to think' with prefix anu. Optative mood, active voice.

Prefix: anu

Root: cint (class 10)

Note: Prescribes an action, here negated.