महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-13, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
कायेन त्रिविधं कर्म वाचा चापि चतुर्विधम् ।
मनसा त्रिविधं चैव दश कर्मपथांस्त्यजेत् ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
kāyena trividhaṁ karma vācā cāpi caturvidham ,
manasā trividhaṁ caiva daśa karmapathāṁstyajet.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca kāyena trividham karma vācā ca api
caturvidham manasā ca eva trividham daśa karmapathān tyajet

2. Bhishma said: One should renounce the ten paths of action (karma) which are of three kinds performed by the body, four kinds performed by speech, and similarly three kinds performed by the mind.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, the great warrior and patriarch in the Mahabharata. (Bhishma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कायेन (kāyena) - by the body, with the body

• त्रिविधम् (trividham) - threefold, of three kinds

• कर्म (karma) - action (karma) in a moral or ethical sense. (action, deed, work)

• वाचा (vācā) - by speech, with speech, by words

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

• चतुर्विधम् (caturvidham) - fourfold, of four kinds

• मनसा (manasā) - by the mind, with the mind

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• त्रिविधम् (trividham) - threefold, of three kinds

• दश (daśa) - ten

• कर्मपथान् (karmapathān) - the ten paths of unwholesome action (karma) to be avoided. (paths of action (karma), courses of conduct)

• त्यजेत् (tyajet) - one should abandon, one should renounce, one should forsake

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, the great warrior and patriarch in the Mahabharata. (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

From root vac, perfect tense form.

Root: vac (class 2)

कायेन (kāyena) - by the body, with the body

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body, collection, group

त्रिविधम् (trividham) - threefold, of three kinds

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of trividha

trividha - of three kinds, threefold

Compound type : dvigu (tri+vidha)

• tri – three
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun

Note: Agrees with 'karma'.

कर्म (karma) - action (karma) in a moral or ethical sense. (action, deed, work)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, effect

From root kṛ 'to do', with suffix -man.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to the category of action, described as threefold, fourfold, and threefold.

वाचा (vācā) - by speech, with speech, by words

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, voice, word, language

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

(indeclinable)

चतुर्विधम् (caturvidham) - fourfold, of four kinds

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of caturvidha

caturvidha - of four kinds, fourfold

Compound type : dvigu (catur+vidha)

• catur – four
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun

Note: Agrees with an implied 'karma'.

मनसा (manasā) - by the mind, with the mind

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, heart

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis, meaning 'similarly' or 'exactly so'.

त्रिविधम् (trividham) - threefold, of three kinds

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of trividha

trividha - of three kinds, threefold

Compound type : dvigu (tri+vidha)

• tri – three
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun

Note: Agrees with an implied 'karma'.

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

Note: Always used in plural.

कर्मपथान् (karmapathān) - the ten paths of unwholesome action (karma) to be avoided. (paths of action (karma), courses of conduct)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of karmapatha

karmapatha - path of action (karma), course of conduct

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karma+patha)

• karma – action, deed, work
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ 'to do'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• patha – path, road, course
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the verb 'tyajet'.

त्यजेत् (tyajet) - one should abandon, one should renounce, one should forsake

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of tyaj

optative mood, 3rd person singular

From root tyaj, optative mood, active voice.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Prescribes an action.