महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-13, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
किं कर्तव्यं मनुष्येण लोकयात्राहितार्थिना ।
कथं वै लोकयात्रां तु किंशीलश्च समाचरेत् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kiṁ kartavyaṁ manuṣyeṇa lokayātrāhitārthinā ,
kathaṁ vai lokayātrāṁ tu kiṁśīlaśca samācaret.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca kim kartavyam manuṣyeṇa lokayātrāhitārthinā
katham vai lokayātrām tu kiṃśīlaḥ ca samācaret

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca lokayātrāhitārthinā manuṣyeṇa kim
kartavyam katham vai ca kiṃśīlaḥ lokayātrām tu samācaret

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'What should a human being, who seeks welfare in their worldly life, do? And how, indeed, what kind of behavior should they adopt in their worldly affairs?'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (spoke, said)

• किम् (kim) - what (what? which? why?)

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be done (to be done, what should be done, duty)

• मनुष्येण (manuṣyeṇa) - by a human being (by a human, by a person)

• लोकयात्राहितार्थिना (lokayātrāhitārthinā) - who seeks welfare in their worldly life (by one desiring welfare in worldly life, by one seeking the good of his worldly journey)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how? in what manner?)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily)

• लोकयात्राम् (lokayātrām) - their worldly life (worldly life, journey of life)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, however, indeed)

• किंशीलः (kiṁśīlaḥ) - of what character (of what character, of what disposition, what kind of conduct)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• समाचरेत् (samācaret) - should they adopt (should one conduct, should one behave, should one observe)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  indeclinable (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

From root vac- (to speak), perfect tense form

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what (what? which? why?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what? which? why?

Interrogative pronoun

Note: Refers to 'kartavyam'.

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be done (to be done, what should be done, duty)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, fit to be done, duty

Gerundive (future passive participle)

From root kṛ- (to do) + tavya (suffix for gerundive)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicative noun/adjective.

मनुष्येण (manuṣyeṇa) - by a human being (by a human, by a person)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of manuṣya

manuṣya - human, person, man

Note: Agent of the passive gerundive 'kartavyam'.

लोकयात्राहितार्थिना (lokayātrāhitārthinā) - who seeks welfare in their worldly life (by one desiring welfare in worldly life, by one seeking the good of his worldly journey)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of lokayātrāhitārthin

lokayātrāhitārthin - one desiring welfare in worldly life

Compound of lokayātrāhita (welfare in worldly life) and arthin (desiring)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (lokayātrāhita+arthin)

• lokayātrāhita – welfare in worldly life
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of lokayātrā (worldly life) and hita (welfare)
• arthin – desiring, seeking, applicant
  adjective (masculine)
  From artha (purpose, wealth) + -in (suffix for agent)

Note: Qualifies 'manuṣyeṇa'.

कथम् (katham) - how (how? in what manner?)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

लोकयात्राम् (lokayātrām) - their worldly life (worldly life, journey of life)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of lokayātrā

lokayātrā - worldly life, journey of life, conduct of life

Compound of loka (world) and yātrā (journey)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+yātrā)

• loka – world, people
  noun (masculine)
• yātrā – journey, course, worldly life
  noun (feminine)
  From root yā- (to go) + trā
  Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Object of 'samācaret'.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or adversative particle.

किंशीलः (kiṁśīlaḥ) - of what character (of what character, of what disposition, what kind of conduct)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kiṃśīla

kiṁśīla - of what character, of what disposition

Bahuvrīhi compound of kim (what) and śīla (character)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kim+śīla)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun (neuter)
  Interrogative pronoun
• śīla – character, conduct, nature
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śīl (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implied subject of 'samācaret'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

समाचरेत् (samācaret) - should they adopt (should one conduct, should one behave, should one observe)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of samācar

Optative Active

From root car- (to move, conduct) with prefixes sam- and ā-, optative mood, 3rd person singular

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implied subject 'manuṣya'.