महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-351, verse-1

सूर्य उवाच ।
नैष देवोऽनिलसखो नासुरो न च पन्नगः ।
उञ्छवृत्तिव्रते सिद्धो मुनिरेष दिवं गतः ॥१॥

1. sūrya uvāca ,
naiṣa devo'nilasakho nāsuro na ca pannagaḥ ,
uñchavṛttivrate siddho munireṣa divaṁ gataḥ.

1. sūryaḥ uvāca | na eṣaḥ devaḥ anilasakhaḥ na asuraḥ na ca
pannagaḥ | uñchavṛttivrte siddhaḥ muniḥ eṣaḥ divam gataḥ

1. sūryaḥ uvāca eṣaḥ na devaḥ na anilasakhaḥ na asuraḥ na ca
pannagaḥ eṣaḥ uñchavṛttivrte siddhaḥ muniḥ divam gataḥ

1. The Sun said: 'This one is neither a god, nor Agni (the friend of the wind), nor a demon, nor a serpent. This is a sage (muni), perfected in the vow of gleaning a livelihood, who has ascended to the sky.'

Words meanings summery:

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun god, who is speaking (the sun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, narrated (said, spoke)

• न (na) - not (a negation) (not, no)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this person (being spoken about) (this, this one)

• देवः (devaḥ) - a divine being (god, deity)

• अनिलसखः (anilasakhaḥ) - the fire god Agni, who is metaphorically the 'friend' of wind (friend of the wind (Agni, the fire god))

• न (na) - nor (connecting negations) (not, nor)

• असुरः (asuraḥ) - a malevolent celestial being (demon, evil spirit)

• न (na) - nor (connecting negations) (not, nor)

• च (ca) - and, also (connecting the last negation) (and, also)

• पन्नगः (pannagaḥ) - a mythical serpent-like being (serpent, nāga)

• उञ्छवृत्तिव्र्ते (uñchavṛttivrte) - achieved perfection through the austere practice of subsisting by gleaning (in the vow of gleaning a livelihood)

• सिद्धः (siddhaḥ) - one who has achieved perfection or mastery (in their vow) (perfected, accomplished, successful)

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - a renunciate or ascetic who is silent and contemplative (sage, ascetic, silent one)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this person (the sage) (this, this one)

• दिवम् (divam) - the heavenly realm (sky, heaven)

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone to, ascended to (the sky) (gone, reached, attained)

Words meanings and morphology

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun god, who is speaking (the sun)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - the sun, the sun god

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, narrated (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Perfect tense, irregular form of √vac.

न (na) - not (a negation) (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this person (being spoken about) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Subject of the implied predicate verb.

देवः (devaḥ) - a divine being (god, deity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine

Note: Predicate nominative.

अनिलसखः (anilasakhaḥ) - the fire god Agni, who is metaphorically the 'friend' of wind (friend of the wind (Agni, the fire god))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anilasakha

anilasakha - friend of the wind (a name for Agni, the fire god)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (anila+sakha)

• anila – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• sakha – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Another predicate nominative.

न (na) - nor (connecting negations) (not, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

असुरः (asuraḥ) - a malevolent celestial being (demon, evil spirit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asura

asura - demon, anti-god, powerful being

Note: Predicate nominative.

न (na) - nor (connecting negations) (not, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

च (ca) - and, also (connecting the last negation) (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used after 'na' to form 'nor... nor...'.

पन्नगः (pannagaḥ) - a mythical serpent-like being (serpent, nāga)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pannaga

pannaga - serpent, snake, nāga

from pan (to creep) + naga (mountain, but here implied 'not moving by feet')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa / bahuvrihi (pan+naga)

• pan – creeping, crawling (from √pan 'to creep')
  adjective
  agent noun/derivative
  from √pan
  Root: pan (class 1)
• naga – mountain, tree
  noun (masculine)
  can also mean 'one who does not move'

Note: Predicate nominative.

उञ्छवृत्तिव्र्ते (uñchavṛttivrte) - achieved perfection through the austere practice of subsisting by gleaning (in the vow of gleaning a livelihood)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of uñchavṛttivrata

uñchavṛttivrata - the vow or practice of subsisting by gleaning grains or scattered food

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (uñchavṛtti+vrata)

• uñchavṛtti – livelihood by gleaning, collecting scattered grains
  noun (feminine)
  from √uñch (to glean) + vṛtti (livelihood)
  Root: uñch (class 6)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates the domain of perfection.

सिद्धः (siddhaḥ) - one who has achieved perfection or mastery (in their vow) (perfected, accomplished, successful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of siddha

siddha - accomplished, perfected, successful, a perfected being

past passive participle

from root √sidh (to succeed, accomplish)

Root: sidh (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'muniḥ'.

मुनिः (muniḥ) - a renunciate or ascetic who is silent and contemplative (sage, ascetic, silent one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, hermit, silent one

Note: Subject of the sentence (this is a sage).

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this person (the sage) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, refers to 'muniḥ'.

दिवम् (divam) - the heavenly realm (sky, heaven)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of div

div - sky, heaven, day

Note: Object of 'gataḥ'.

गतः (gataḥ) - gone to, ascended to (the sky) (gone, reached, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, attained

past passive participle

from root √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'eṣaḥ muniḥ'.