योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-9, verse-8

धृतिमान्सुव्रतो भूत्वा न धर्मं हातुमर्हसि ।
त्रिषु लोकेषु विख्यातो धर्मेण यशसा युतः ॥ ८ ॥

dhṛtimānsuvrato bhūtvā na dharmaṃ hātumarhasi ,
triṣu lokeṣu vikhyāto dharmeṇa yaśasā yutaḥ 8

8. dhṛtimān suvrataḥ bhūtvā na dharmam hātum arhasi
triṣu lokeṣu vikhyātaḥ dharmeṇa yaśasā yutaḥ

8. Being resolute and virtuous, you ought not to abandon your own intrinsic nature (dharma). You are renowned in the three worlds, endowed with righteousness (dharma) and glory.

Words meanings summery:

• धृतिमान् (dhṛtimān) - resolute, firm, steady

• सुव्रतः (suvrataḥ) - of good vows, virtuous, pious

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been, becoming

• न (na) - not, no

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - Refers to Dasharatha's kingly duty and ethical principles. (righteousness, natural law, duty)

• हातुम् (hātum) - to abandon, to give up, to forsake

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - 'You ought' or 'You should'. (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

• त्रिषु (triṣu) - in three

• लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - Refers to the three cosmic realms. (in the worlds, among the people)

• विख्यातः (vikhyātaḥ) - famous, renowned, well-known

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - The means by which he is endowed. (by righteousness, by duty, by natural law)

• यशसा (yaśasā) - by fame, by glory, by reputation

• युतः (yutaḥ) - endowed with, joined with, associated with, possessed of

Words meanings and morphology

धृतिमान् (dhṛtimān) - resolute, firm, steady

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtimat

dhṛtimat - resolute, firm, steady, courageous

Possessive adjective formed from 'dhṛti' (firmness) + 'matup' suffix.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective with 'bhūtvā', qualifying the implied subject 'you' (Dasharatha).

सुव्रतः (suvrataḥ) - of good vows, virtuous, pious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suvrata

suvrata - of good vows, virtuous, pious, devout

Compound of 'su' (good) and 'vrata' (vow).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+vrata)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix used in compounds.
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice, rule
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'vṛ' (to choose, to cover).
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Predicative adjective with 'bhūtvā'.

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been, becoming

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'bhū' (to be) + 'ktvā' suffix.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Connects the adjectives 'dhṛtimān' and 'suvrataḥ' to the main verb 'arhasi'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the action 'hātum arhasi'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - Refers to Dasharatha's kingly duty and ethical principles. (righteousness, natural law, duty)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature, constitution

From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

हातुम् (hātum) - to abandon, to give up, to forsake

(verb)

active, infinitive of hā

Infinitive

From root 'hā' (to abandon) + 'tumun' suffix.

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Used with 'arhasi'.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - 'You ought' or 'You should'. (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present tense, second person singular.

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the first sentence.

त्रिषु (triṣu) - in three

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'lokeṣu'.

लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - Refers to the three cosmic realms. (in the worlds, among the people)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, space

From root 'lok' (to see, to perceive).

Root: lok (class 10)

Note: 'In the worlds'.

विख्यातः (vikhyātaḥ) - famous, renowned, well-known

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikhyāta

vikhyāta - famous, renowned, well-known, celebrated

Past Passive Participle

From 'vi' + root 'khyā' (to tell, to be known) + 'kta' suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'you'.

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - The means by which he is endowed. (by righteousness, by duty, by natural law)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature, constitution

From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Used with 'yutaḥ'.

यशसा (yaśasā) - by fame, by glory, by reputation

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - fame, glory, reputation, splendor

's'-stem neuter noun.

Note: Used with 'yutaḥ'.

युतः (yutaḥ) - endowed with, joined with, associated with, possessed of

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuta

yuta - joined, united, endowed with, possessed of

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yuj' (to join) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'you'.

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